Thermo-Resistive Current Collector Coating for Battery Short Protection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Secondary batteries are prone to ignition or explosion due to short phenomena caused by direct contact between positive and negative electrodes, especially under overcharge, high temperatures, or external shocks, leading to increased risk of gas generation and volume expansion.
Innovation Solution
A current collector with a polymer layer that varies charge migration based on temperature, providing low resistance in normal states and increased resistance in abnormal states to prevent short circuits and ensure stability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If a current collector with low resistance is used to ensure good electrical conductivity, then electrical efficiency is improved, but the risk of ignition and explosion increases under abnormal conditions due to concentrated charge flow
Solution Approach 1:
The current collector uses a polymer material whose electrical resistance changes based on temperature. Under normal operating conditions, the resistance remains low to ensure good electrical conductivity and minimize energy loss. When abnormal conditions occur (overcharge, high temperature, external shocks), the resistance increases dramatically to block charge flow and prevent ignition/explosion hazards.
Solution Approach 2:
The current collector transitions from a static resistance value to a dynamic resistance that adapts to operating conditions. The polymer material's resistance automatically adjusts in response to temperature changes, transforming the current collector into an active safety component that responds to abnormal conditions without requiring external control systems.
2Productivity
If the current collector maintains constant low resistance for optimal performance, then electrical efficiency is improved, but safety under abnormal conditions deteriorates due to continuous charge flow
Solution Approach 1:
The polymer-based current collector exploits temperature-dependent resistance changes to dynamically adjust its electrical properties. At normal operating temperatures, the material maintains low resistance for optimal electrical conductivity and productivity. When temperature rises due to overcharge, high-temperature exposure, or internal heat generation, the resistance increases sharply to block charge flow and prevent catastrophic failures.
3Ease of manufacture
If traditional current collector materials are used, then manufacturing simplicity is maintained, but the ability to respond to abnormal conditions and prevent short circuits is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The current collector employs a polymer material that combines the structural properties of traditional current collectors with the temperature-responsive electrical properties of smart materials. This composite approach integrates safety functionality directly into the current collector material itself, maintaining manufacturing simplicity while dramatically improving the ability to detect and respond to abnormal conditions through automatic resistance changes.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The current collector maintains stable performance in normal conditions while enhancing resistance in abnormal states, preventing electrode assembly energization and ensuring safety by blocking charge flow during abnormal conditions.
Implementation Method 1
A current collector with a polymer layer that varies charge migration based on temperature, providing low resistance in normal states and increased resistance in abnormal states
Data Source
AI summary
A current collector that includes a current collector body and a polymer layer formed on the current collector body, wherein the polymer layer can include a conductive polymer and a conductive material. The current collector can exhibit excellent electrical properties, including low resistance, in a normal state, and can ensure stability through an increase in resistance, and the like, in an abnormal state. Also provided are uses of the current collector.