Aircraft Control Surface CVT for Variable Torque
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current aircraft control surface systems with fixed ratio gearing suffer from inefficiencies such as increased power consumption, complex control algorithms, and chatter due to the need for a larger power/torque capacity, which is not necessary for all operational conditions.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of a continuously variable transmission (CVT) system with conical gear sets and a power distribution unit that allows for variable gear ratios, enabling optimal operational speeds for the extension and retraction of aerodynamic control surfaces based on flight conditions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If fixed ratio gearing is used to provide sufficient torque capacity, then the control surface can be moved under all conditions, but power consumption increases and system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies a continuously variable transmission (CVT) mechanism that dynamically adjusts the gear ratio between the power distribution unit and actuators based on real-time operational conditions. This allows the system to optimize torque delivery and power consumption by adapting the transmission ratio to match actual load requirements, rather than using a fixed conservative ratio that consumes excessive power during low-load operations.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the transmission ratio parameter continuously based on flight conditions and control surface position. By monitoring operational parameters and adjusting the gear ratio accordingly, the system maintains sufficient torque capacity when needed while reducing power consumption during normal operations, effectively decoupling the torque capacity requirement from continuous high power input.
2Reliability
If fixed ratio gearing is used to ensure sufficient torque, then the system is reliable, but device complexity and control algorithm complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The CVT mechanism provides continuous adaptability in the transmission system, allowing real-time optimization of torque delivery without requiring complex control algorithms. The mechanical continuity of the CVT simplifies control compared to discrete gear shifts, reducing the computational burden while maintaining reliable torque capacity across all operational conditions.
3Adaptability or versatility
If larger power/torque capacity is provided for all conditions, then the control surface can operate under any condition, but power consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system adjusts the transmission ratio parameter continuously based on actual operational demands. During high-load conditions requiring maximum torque capacity, the CVT provides the necessary mechanical advantage. During low-load conditions, the transmission ratio is optimized to reduce power consumption, thereby maintaining full operational versatility without the penalty of continuous high power input.
4Use of energy by moving object
If variable gear ratios are used to optimize operational speed, then power consumption is reduced, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a continuously variable transmission mechanism that provides smooth, stepless adjustment of gear ratios. This dynamic transmission system optimizes power consumption across varying operational conditions while maintaining a relatively simple mechanical structure compared to complex multi-stage gearboxes or electromechanical transmission systems, achieving a favorable balance between energy efficiency and device complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution improves operational efficiency by allowing constant motor operation with variable drive-line speed, reducing power consumption, and optimizing deployment and retraction speeds for different flight phases, thus enhancing the control of aerodynamic control surfaces.
Implementation Method 1
The continuously variable transmission includes at least two conical gear sets to enable variable gear ratios of the continuously variable transmission
Data Source
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Figure 3~4B
AI summary
Control surface operating systems for controlling aerodynamic control surfaces of aircraft are provided. The systems includes a drive system operably connected to a drive shaft, the drive system including a continuously variable transmission (308, 400), at least one actuator operably connected to the drive shaft (310) and arranged to convert rotational movement of the drive shaft (310) to move at least a portion of the aerodynamic control surface, and at least one control surface operably connected to the at least one actuator, wherein the at least one control surface is adjusted by the at least one actuator.