CW-Pumped Multi-Pass Amplifier for High-Energy Laser Pulses

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current technologies for generating high-energy electromagnetic radiation pulses struggle to achieve high pulse energies and repetition rates suitable for industrial material processing applications while maintaining spatial beam quality and stability, often resulting in thermal issues and complex setups.

Innovation Solution

A compact, continuously pumped multi-pass amplifier system with an optical switch placed outside the cavity, using a seed laser oscillator and multiple gain elements to achieve high pulse energies and tunable repetition rates without altering geometrical parameters, ensuring robustness and clean spatial mode properties.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If the repetition rate of the initial oscillator is decreased to increase pulse energy, then pulse energy increases, but the oscillator becomes physically very large or requires complex folding technique which results in optical loss and reduced mechanical stability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepulse energyVSAvoidoscillator structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system segments the pulse train by using an optical switch to select only one pulse from a high repetition rate oscillator output. This allows the oscillator to maintain a high repetition rate and compact size while the selected pulse is amplified to high energy levels, resolving the contradiction between pulse energy and device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

An optical switch is introduced as an intermediary component between the oscillator and amplifier. The switch selects individual pulses from the high repetition rate train and directs them to the amplifier, enabling high pulse energy output without requiring the oscillator itself to operate at low repetition rates, thus maintaining oscillator compactness and stability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Power

If multiple amplification stages are applied to achieve high average power, then average output power increases, but pulse energies remain below 1 μJ due to high repetition rate of the initial oscillator

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaverage output powerVSAvoidpulse energy
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses periodic pulse selection through an optical switch operating at a lower repetition rate than the oscillator. By selecting one pulse from every N oscillator pulses (where N is the ratio of oscillator repetition rate to switch repetition rate), the system achieves high pulse energy while maintaining reasonable average power output

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The optical switch performs preliminary selection of individual pulses from the high repetition rate train before they enter the amplification stage. This preliminary action ensures that only single, well-separated pulses are amplified, allowing each pulse to accumulate sufficient energy while the average power remains controlled

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Use of energy by moving object

If high average power is used to achieve high pulse energy, then pulse energy increases, but thermal fracture and thermal lens effects occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepulse energyVSAvoidthermal effects
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system employs periodic, low-duty-cycle pulsing where the optical switch selects individual pulses at a repetition rate that allows sufficient cooling time between pulses. This periodic operation with low average power prevents thermal accumulation in the gain medium, avoiding thermal fracture and lens effects while still achieving high peak pulse energies

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The amplification process is segmented into discrete, widely-spaced pulse events rather than continuous high-power operation. By amplifying individual selected pulses with long intervals between them, the system achieves high pulse energy without sustained thermal loading that would cause thermal damage

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

4Use of energy by moving object

If the oscillator cavity length is increased to decrease repetition rate, then pulse energy increases, but the oscillator becomes physically very large

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepulse energyVSAvoidoscillator cavity length
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSLength of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The system segments the high repetition rate pulse train using an optical switch, allowing the oscillator to maintain a short cavity length and high repetition rate while the switch selects individual pulses for amplification. This eliminates the need to increase cavity length to reduce repetition rate

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The optical switch acts as an intermediary that decouples the oscillator repetition rate from the output pulse repetition rate. The oscillator can operate at high frequency with short cavity, while the switch reduces the effective output repetition rate, allowing high pulse energy without increasing cavity length

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for high-energy pulse generation with stable repetition rates between 50 kHz and 25 MHz, achieving pulse energies up to several microjoules and maintaining excellent spatial beam quality, suitable for advanced material processing and nonlinear optics applications.

Implementation Method 1

an optical switch operable outside the cavity at a repetition rate lower than the repetition rate of the laser oscillator for coupling individual pulses from the train of laser pulses into the amplifier

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical switching: Electro-Optic Effects

Implementation Method 2

a radiation amplifier comprising a gain element and second pumping means for continuously pumping the gain element with pump radiation at a pump wavelength

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectStimulated emission: Laser

Implementation Method 3

continuously pumped amplifier system with an optical switch placed outside the cavity, using a seed laser oscillator and multiple gain elements to achieve high pulse energies and tunable repetition rates without altering geometrical parameters

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectContinuous wave pumping:

Data Source

PatentEP1905140B1Cw-pumped multipass amplifier for a sliced train of mode-locked laser pulses
Publication Date: 2011.11.02 TIME BANDWIDTH PRODS
  • EP1905140B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP1905140B1 patent drawingFigure 4~6
  • EP1905140B1 patent drawingFigure 7~8

AI summary

An apparatus for generating electromagnetic radiation pulses comprises a mode-locked laser oscillator with an oscillator cavity defining an oscillator beam path, a first gain element (2), first pumping means for pumping said first gain element, and a mode locker, and being operable to produce a train of seed electromagnetic radiation pulses (5). Further an optical switch (11) is placed outside of the oscillator beam path (5) and is arranged in a beam path of radiation coupled out from the oscillator, the optical switch (11) operable to couple radiation from a switch input into a switch output during a certain time period or certain time periods. A radiation amplifier is arranged in a beam path of radiation radiated from the switch output. The amplifier includes a second gain element (14) and second pumping means, the second pumping means comprising a continuous-wave pump radiation source.