Electric Cycle Propulsion Unit Thermal Management

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing pedal-assisted cycle propulsion units are bulky, heavy, and aesthetically unattractive due to the need for large motor units, heavy battery packs, and inefficient thermal management, which compromises compactness, lightness, and cost-effectiveness while increasing the risk of malfunction from excessive heating.

Innovation Solution

A compact rear propulsion unit design with an electric machine where the rotor is coaxial and external to the stator, with the electronic unit positioned inside the housing and supported by an intermediate thermally conductive element for efficient heat dissipation, and a decentralized transmission system that optimizes torque delivery and cooling by leveraging air flow during motion.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If the propulsion unit includes various components including the motor unit provided with stator and rotor, the battery pack and the means of transmission of the movement of the motor unit to the crank axis, then the drive torque and motor autonomy are improved, but the weight and bulkiness increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedrive torqueVSAvoidweight of propulsion unit
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The electronic unit is integrated inside the propulsion unit housing rather than being placed externally, merging multiple components into a single compact assembly. This reduces the overall bulkiness while maintaining all necessary functions for drive torque generation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The electronic unit is nested within the containment space of the propulsion unit, with the rotor being coaxial and external to the stator. This nested arrangement optimizes space utilization and reduces the overall footprint and weight of the propulsion unit while maintaining full functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

2Power

If the propulsion unit includes various components including the motor unit provided with stator and rotor, the battery pack and the means of transmission of the movement of the motor unit to the crank axis, then the drive torque and motor autonomy are improved, but the compactness and lightness deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedrive torqueVSAvoidvolume of propulsion unit
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The electronic unit is integrated inside the propulsion unit housing rather than being placed externally, merging multiple components into a single compact assembly. This reduces the overall bulkiness while maintaining all necessary functions for drive torque generation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The electronic unit is nested within the containment space of the propulsion unit, with the rotor being coaxial and external to the stator. This nested arrangement optimizes space utilization and reduces the overall footprint and weight of the propulsion unit while maintaining full functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

3Volume of moving object

If the components of the propulsion unit are tightly packed to limit the overall dimensions, then the compactness is improved, but the thermal stress on the motor increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevolume of propulsion unitVSAvoidthermal stress on motor
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

An intermediate thermally conductive element is introduced between the electronic unit and the containment space wall. This intermediary component facilitates efficient heat transfer from the electronic unit to the external environment, allowing compact packaging while managing thermal stress through the thermal conduit function of the intermediate element.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

4Temperature

If the electronic unit is placed outside the propulsion unit for easy cooling, then the thermal management is improved, but the aesthetic appearance deteriorates and the overall dimensions increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling of electronic unitVSAvoidaesthetic appearance
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSShape

Solution Approach 1:

The electronic unit is integrated inside the propulsion unit housing rather than being placed externally, merging multiple components into a single compact assembly. This reduces the overall bulkiness while maintaining all necessary functions for drive torque generation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

An intermediate thermally conductive element is introduced between the electronic unit and the containment space wall. This intermediary component facilitates efficient heat transfer from the electronic unit to the external environment, allowing compact packaging while managing thermal stress through the thermal conduit function of the intermediate element.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution achieves a compact, lightweight, and aesthetically pleasing propulsion unit with improved thermal management, enhanced stability, and efficient power assistance, while maintaining drive torque and autonomy, thus overcoming the limitations of prior art.

Implementation Method 1

The electronic unit is positioned inside said housing and supported by an intermediate thermally conductive element so as to improve the dissipation of the heat generated by the electronic unit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Data Source

PatentEP3212493B1Propulsion unit for an electric pedal-assisted cycle and pedal-assisted cycle thereof
Publication Date: 2019.10.30 PIAGGIO & C SPA
  • EP3212493B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3212493B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3212493B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

Propulsion unit (8) for an electric pedal assisted cycle (EPAC) comprising an electric machine (12) having a stator (14) and a rotor (16), rotatable about a motor axis (M-M), said rotor (16) being operatively connected to a crank pin (18), defining a crank axis (X-X), mechanically connected to the pedals (20), wherein the propulsion unit (8) comprises at least an electronic unit (32) for operating and controlling the functioning of the electric machine (12), wherein the propulsion unit (8) comprises at least a pair of housings (24,26) defining a containment space (28) which houses the electric machine (12) and at least partially the crank pin (18), wherein the propulsion unit (8) comprises transmission means (36) of the motion from the rotor (16) to the crank pin (18), wherein the electronic unit (32) is contained and supported inside said containment space (28) by an intermediate support element (40), said intermediate support element (40) being in contact with at least one of said housings (24,26) so as to dissipate the heat through these to the outside of the propulsion unit (8).