Cyclodextrin-Encapsulated Calcium for Controlled Release
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional calcium formulations, such as calcium chloride solutions, release calcium cations abruptly, causing stress and potential damage to tissues, as they provide calcium ions in excessively large amounts, necessitating a composition for gradual release.
Innovation Solution
A slow-release free calcium composition incorporating substituted or unsubstituted cyclodextrin molecules and calcium cations, where the calcium cations are encapsulated within the inner cavities of cyclodextrin molecules, allowing for a controlled and gradual release, utilizing a polar solvent and specific molar ratios of cyclodextrin to calcium.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If conventional calcium formulations (such as calcium chloride solution) are used, then calcium cations are immediately released into solution, but this causes stress and potential damage to tissues due to excessively large amounts of calcium cations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies the nesting principle by encapsulating calcium cations within the inner cavities of cyclodextrin molecules. The cyclodextrin structure forms a toroidal shape with an inner cavity that accommodates the calcium cation, creating a host-guest inclusion complex. This nesting approach allows the calcium to be contained and released gradually, preventing the sudden release that causes tissue stress while still delivering the necessary calcium quantity.
Solution Approach 2:
The cyclodextrin molecules serve as an intermediary between the calcium cations and the tissue. By forming an inclusion complex, the cyclodextrin mediates the release process, controlling the rate at which calcium cations become available to tissues. This intermediary structure prevents direct, abrupt exposure of tissues to high concentrations of calcium, thereby reducing tissue stress while maintaining calcium availability.
2Speed
If calcium cations are released immediately into solution, then the calcium is readily available to tissues, but this sudden release causes stress and damage to tissues
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by creating a system where the release rate of calcium cations is not fixed but can adjust based on environmental conditions. The cyclodextrin-calcium inclusion complex allows for dynamic release as the cyclodextrin structure responds to changes in pH, temperature, and other physiological conditions, providing a controlled, gradual release that adapts to tissue needs and avoids sudden stress.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention utilizes parameter changes by exploiting the sensitivity of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes to environmental parameters such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength. These parameter changes affect the stability and dissociation of the cyclodextrin-calcium complex, thereby controlling the release rate. By designing the system to respond to physiological parameter variations, the patent achieves a controlled release profile that prevents tissue stress while maintaining calcium availability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition effectively reduces tissue stress by releasing calcium cations at a slow rate, making it suitable for buffer solutions and medical administration, thereby minimizing the adverse effects of excessive calcium exposure.
Implementation Method 1
The cyclodextrin molecules each have a toroidal shape with an inner cavity and the calcium cations are encapsulated within the inner cavities of the cyclodextrin molecules
Data Source
AI summary
A slow-release free calcium composition is disclosed which includes at least one polar solvent, from about 1 μM to about 0.25 M substituted or unsubstituted cyclodextrin molecules, and from about 1 ppm to about 1000 ppm calcium cations. The cyclodextrin molecules each have a toroidal shape with an inner cavity and the calcium cations are encapsulated within the inner cavities of the cyclodextrins molecules. A method for making the composition and a method for administering a slow-release form of calcium to a patient is also disclosed.