Closo-dodecaiodododecaborate Cyclodextrin Complexes for Safe X-ray Imaging
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current X-ray contrast agents, particularly those containing iodinated species, can cause contrast-induced nephropathy and disrupt thyroid function in some individuals, and they often require high concentrations that can be toxic.
Innovation Solution
Development of substituted cyclodextrin complexes of closo-dodecaiodododecaborate, which are water-soluble and can be used as X-ray contrast agents, reducing the risk of toxicity and adverse reactions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Illumination intensity
If iodinated X-ray contrast agents are used to achieve effective radiopacity, then contrast visibility is improved, but toxicity and adverse reactions (nephropathy, thyroid disruption) increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses cyclodextrin complexes as intermediary carriers to encapsulate the toxic closo-dodecaiodododecaborate anion. The cyclodextrin forms a host-guest complex that delivers the iodine-containing contrast agent to the target area while preventing direct contact with harmful tissues, thus mediating between the need for high radiopacity and the avoidance of toxicity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the chemical parameters of the contrast agent by using substituted cyclodextrins with specific substituents (hydroxy, alkoxy, amine, cyano, thiol, halogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl) to change the pharmacological properties. These parameter changes reduce toxicity while maintaining the necessary iodine content for radiopacity, allowing safe administration at effective concentrations.
2Measurement precision
If high concentrations of iodinated contrast agents are administered to ensure adequate imaging, then contrast quality is improved, but adverse effects (nephropathy, thyroid disruption, hemolysis) worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The cyclodextrin complex acts as a protective intermediary that allows high concentrations of iodine to be administered without causing direct harm. The complex structure enables adequate imaging contrast while the cyclodextrin coating prevents direct interaction between the iodinated borate and sensitive tissues, thereby reducing nephropathy, thyroid disruption, and hemolysis.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs water-soluble cyclodextrin complexes that can be easily excreted after serving their imaging function. The complexes are designed to be metabolically stable during imaging but readily cleared from the body, avoiding accumulation and long-term adverse effects while providing sufficient contrast quality for diagnostic purposes.
3Illumination intensity
If closo-dodecaiodododecaborate is used as an X-ray contrast agent to achieve high radiopacity, then imaging contrast is improved, but hemolysis and toxicity occur at concentrations needed for effective imaging
Solution Approach 1:
The cyclodextrin serves as a protective intermediary that binds the closo-dodecaiodododecaborate anion in a stable complex. This complex form maintains the high iodine content necessary for radiopacity while preventing the anion from directly interacting with and lysing red blood cells, thus eliminating hemolysis at effective imaging concentrations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite material system combining cyclodextrin (host) with closo-dodecaiodododecaborate (guest). This composite structure integrates the high radiopacity properties of the iodine-containing borate with the biocompatibility and protective properties of the cyclodextrin carrier, achieving effective imaging without hemolysis or toxicity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The substituted cyclodextrin complexes of closo-dodecaiodododecaborate provide effective radiopacity as X-ray contrast agents while minimizing the risk of nephropathy and thyroid disruption, allowing for safe and efficient imaging.
Implementation Method 1
X-ray contrast agents... provide effective radiopacity as X-ray contrast agents
Data Source
AI summary
Substituted cyclodextrin complexes of closo-dodecaiodododecaborate and salts thereof are provided. Complexes according to certain embodiments are soluble in water sufficient to be used as an X-ray contrast agent. X-ray contrast agent compositions and methods for administering the complexes of closo-dodecaiodododecaborate are also described.