Cylinder Running Surface Grooving for Durable Coating Adhesion

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Solution Overview

Problem

The use of light metal cylinder crankcases in internal combustion engines results in inadequate tribological properties for piston running surfaces due to poor wear resistance, necessitating the use of additional materials like gray cast iron liners or coatings to enhance performance, but existing coating methods are inefficient and have short tool service life.

Innovation Solution

A method using a ring-shaped saw blade with multiple cutting teeth to machine circumferential grooves on the cylinder wall, followed by reshaping the webs between grooves to create undercuts and improve adhesion of the coating, which can be achieved with a roller burnishing tool to enhance the interlocking connection and adhesion between the coating and the cylinder wall.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional methods with single cutting edge tools are used to machine grooves into the cylinder wall, then the coating adhesion is improved, but the tool service life is short and processing time is long

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating adhesionVSAvoidtool service life
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The cutting tool is segmented into multiple cutting edges (at least two, preferably three or more) arranged radially around the tool axis. Each cutting edge machines a groove, and the tool is rotated between grooves to distribute wear across multiple edges, significantly extending tool service life while maintaining efficient groove machining capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The cutting tool is rotated periodically between different grooves during the machining process. After machining a groove, the tool rotates to position the next cutting edge for the subsequent groove, creating a periodic action pattern that distributes mechanical stress and wear uniformly across all cutting edges, thereby extending tool life

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

2Manufacturing precision

If multiple passes are used to machine all grooves into the cylinder wall, then complete groove coverage is achieved, but processing time increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegroove coverageVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The cutting tool is designed with multiple cutting edges (at least two, preferably three or more) arranged radially around the tool axis, allowing simultaneous or sequential machining of multiple grooves in a single pass through the cylinder wall, thereby achieving complete groove coverage without requiring multiple passes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Multiple groove machining operations that would traditionally require separate passes are merged into a single pass by using a multi-cutting-edge tool. The tool machines multiple grooves continuously in one traversal through the cylinder wall, combining what would be sequential operations into a simultaneous process, significantly reducing total processing time

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method significantly increases the service life of the tool, reduces processing time, and ensures excellent adhesion and wear resistance of the coating, effectively addressing the tribological issues while maintaining the lightweight benefits of the light metal crankcase.

Implementation Method 1

the saw blade is cut into the cylinder wall to machine one of the grooves

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical cutting:

Implementation Method 2

the rolling tool is moved into the cylinder to form the webs between the grooves

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlastic deformation: Plasticity

Implementation Method 3

achieve good adhesion of the coating to the base material... create undercuts in the roughened running surface into which the molten coating material can penetrate, thus creating a positive-locking bond

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical adhesion: Mechanical Fastener

Data Source

PatentEP3019294B1Method for working a running surface of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine
Publication Date: 2021.05.19 BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG
  • EP3019294B1 patent drawingFigure 1~4
  • EP3019294B1 patent drawingFigure 5~7
  • EP3019294B1 patent drawingFigure 8~10

AI summary

A method for working a wall of a cylinder (2) of an internal combustion engine, in which peripheral grooves (3) are machined into the wall, wherein at least one annular saw blade (4), which is provided on a circumference with a multiplicity of cutting teeth (6), is used for introducing the grooves (3), wherein the saw blade (4) is moved so as to rotate about its longitudinal axis (7) and on an annular path (12). A subsequent forming operation on the lands (10) that are formed between neighbouring grooves (3) causes the formation of undercuts that can improve the connection of the wall of the cylinder (2) to a subsequently applied coating layer (11).