Multi-piece Cylinder Head Valve Bridge Inserts

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Solution Overview

Problem

Cylinder head valve bridges in internal combustion engines are prone to thermomechanical fatigue and cracking due to high compressive stress from thermal expansion, leading to engine damage and increased fuel consumption, as existing solutions struggle to balance expansion-induced fatigue and combustion pressure effectively.

Innovation Solution

A multi-piece cylinder head design incorporates inserts on the valve bridges that produce pre-strain through a mechanical connection, reducing compressive stress and enhancing thermomechanical resistance by machining the insert and cylinder head together to correct deformations before assembly.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If the valve bridge region is exposed to high thermal loads during engine operation, then the engine can achieve higher combustion efficiency and power output, but the valve bridge undergoes thermal expansion and compressive stress that causes thermomechanical fatigue and cracking

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecombustion efficiency and power outputVSAvoidvalve bridge strength and resistance to cracking
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary anti-action by pre-straining the valve bridge region with compressive stress through the insert assembly before the engine operates. This pre-applied compressive stress counteracts the tensile thermal stresses that develop during combustion, preventing thermomechanical fatigue and cracking while allowing high combustion efficiency and power output

Inventive Principle:
Principle #9Preliminary anti-action

2Reliability

If cooling channels are positioned closer to the combustion chamber to reduce thermal expansion, then thermomechanical fatigue is reduced, but the structural integrity and strength of the valve bridge region may be compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresistance to thermomechanical fatigueVSAvoidstructural integrity of valve bridge
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by positioning cooling channels at optimized distances from the combustion chamber and using inserts with different material properties in specific locations. The inserts are placed precisely in the valve bridge region to provide localized compressive pre-strain, while cooling channels are positioned to provide adequate cooling without compromising the structural integrity of the valve bridge

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Ease of manufacture

If the cylinder head is designed as a single-piece structure, then manufacturing is simpler, but it cannot effectively address localized thermomechanical stress concentrations in the valve bridge region

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing simplicityVSAvoidresistance to localized thermomechanical fatigue
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the cylinder head into multiple pieces or components, specifically using removable inserts that can be assembled into the valve bridge region. This segmentation allows the inserts to be pre-strained and fitted to provide localized stress management, while the overall cylinder head structure remains manufacturable through standard processes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively reduces compressive stress on valve bridges, enhancing thermomechanical resistance and preventing cracks, thereby improving engine performance and reducing maintenance costs by allowing higher in-cylinder temperature and pressure values.

Implementation Method 1

By means of the inserts driven to the valve bridges, a pre-strain is produced at the points where the cracks are observed the most, and the compressive force at these regions is reduced

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPre-strain:

Implementation Method 2

Valve bridges are exposed to very high heats and strains. The valve bridges which are heated during operation of the engine undergo thermal expansion and tend to increase their sizes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal expansion: Thermal Expansion

Implementation Method 3

The cylinder head is cooled by passing coolant through the water jacket

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection cooling: Convection

Implementation Method 4

The water jacket provided in the cylinder head is used for cooling

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 5

the resulting deformation is corrected by machining the insert and the cylinder head together

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMachining deformation correction:

Data Source

PatentEP3374621B1Multi-piece cylinder head
Publication Date: 2020.10.28 FORD OTOMOTIV SANAYI ANONIM SIRKETI
  • EP3374621B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3374621B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3374621B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

The present invention relates to a multi-piece cylinder head (1) wherein inserts are mounted to the regions where the valve bridges, at which compressive stress is intense, are located, and compressive stress is reduced.