Cylindrical Battery Venting Structure for Thermal Runaway Gas Discharge
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current high energy density cylindrical batteries face challenges in passing safety tests such as hot box and thermal runaway due to difficulties in safely discharging gases during thermal runaway.
Innovation Solution
A safe cylindrical battery design featuring a core assembly with compact and channel full electrode lugs forming a helical structure, integrated with an explosion-proof line on the battery housing, allowing gases to be directionally discharged during thermal runaway through the channel lug.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If high energy density battery is used in large cylindrical batteries, then energy density is improved, but safety performance deteriorates due to difficulty in passing safety tests
Solution Approach 1:
The electrode lug is segmented into two distinct parts: a compact full electrode lug for normal current collection and a channel full electrode lug for gas discharge. This segmentation allows the battery to maintain high energy density while incorporating a dedicated safety mechanism for thermal runaway gas venting, thus resolving the contradiction between energy density and safety performance
Solution Approach 2:
The channel full electrode lug acts as an intermediary component that provides a controlled pathway for gas discharge during thermal runaway. This intermediary structure enables safe gas venting without compromising the high energy density design, allowing the battery to pass safety tests while maintaining high energy density
2Ease of manufacture
If traditional battery structure is used, then manufacturing simplicity is maintained, but gas discharge capability during thermal runaway is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The channel full electrode lug integrates both current collection function and gas discharge function into a single component. This merging approach maintains manufacturing simplicity by using a unified structure rather than adding separate complex safety systems, while effectively addressing gas accumulation during thermal runaway
Solution Approach 2:
The channel full electrode lug serves multiple functions: it acts as both a current collector during normal operation and a gas discharge channel during thermal runaway. This multi-functionality maintains manufacturing simplicity while providing effective gas discharge capability, resolving the contradiction between ease of manufacture and harmful gas management
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design enhances safety by enabling controlled gas discharge, improving the battery's safety performance during thermal runaway.
Implementation Method 1
When reaching the explosion-proof valve, the gas breaks through the explosion-proof valve to be discharged out directionally due to the small pressure capacity at the explosion-proof valve
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed is a safe cylindrical battery, including a battery housing, wherein a core assembly is arranged in the battery housing, and the core assembly includes an electrode sheet, a compact full electrode lug, and a channel full electrode lug; the compact full electrode lug is vertically arranged on one end of the electrode sheet; the channel full electrode lug is parallelly arranged on the other end of the electrode sheet; the electrode sheet, the compact full electrode lug, and the channel full electrode lug are of an integral structure; the electrode sheet, the compact full electrode lug, and channel full electrode lug are wound to form a helical structure; and an explosion-proof line is engraved on one end of the battery housing corresponding to the channel full electrode lug.