D2D MAC PDU Mapping and Subframe Skipping for Collision Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing D2D communication systems face inefficiencies and performance degradation due to unoptimized resource allocation and collision handling in Mode-1 and Mode-2 operations, leading to increased interference, energy consumption, and reduced system level performance.

Innovation Solution

Implementing transmission opportunity dropping and postponing rules for SA and data transmissions, along with TOB-based strategies such as skipping, buffering, and prioritizing higher priority transmissions to optimize system performance and minimize interference.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If D2D transmission uses resources allocated by base station (Mode-1), then resource allocation efficiency is improved, but system complexity and control signaling overhead increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresource allocation efficiencyVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments D2D resource allocation into two modes: Mode-1 where base station allocates resources for scheduled transmissions, and Mode-2 where UE autonomously selects resources for unscheduled transmissions. This segmentation allows the system to balance control efficiency with device autonomy, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining allocation efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamic resource allocation where the base station can switch between Mode-1 and Mode-2 operations based on traffic conditions, channel quality, and system load. This dynamic approach optimizes resource allocation efficiency while adapting system complexity to actual operational needs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Adaptability or versatility

If D2D transmission uses autonomous resource selection (Mode-2), then device autonomy and scalability are improved, but resource collision and interference increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice autonomyVSAvoidresource collision
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements preliminary sensing and measurement actions where UEs monitor channel conditions, detect ongoing transmissions, and assess resource availability before autonomously selecting resources for D2D transmission. This preliminary action reduces the probability of resource collision while maintaining device autonomy in Mode-2 operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent incorporates feedback mechanisms where UEs report channel conditions, interference levels, and transmission success/failure to the base station. The base station uses this feedback to adjust resource allocation parameters, modify Mode-1/Mode-2 configurations, and provide collision avoidance guidance, thereby reducing resource collisions while preserving device autonomy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Object-affected harmful factors

If transmission opportunity dropping rules are implemented, then interference is reduced, but transmission reliability and data delivery ratio decrease

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveinterferenceVSAvoidtransmission reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and removes transmission opportunities that are likely to cause severe interference or fail due to poor channel conditions. By identifying and dropping these problematic transmissions proactively, the system reduces overall interference while maintaining reliability through selective transmission continuation only for opportunities with high success probability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements a discard-and-recover mechanism where dropped transmission opportunities are not permanently lost but are recovered in subsequent transmission rounds. The system buffers data and re-attempts transmission when channel conditions improve, thereby reducing immediate interference while preserving long-term transmission reliability and data delivery ratio.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

4Productivity

If transmission opportunity postponing rules are implemented, then resource utilization is optimized, but transmission latency increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresource utilizationVSAvoidtransmission latency
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic postponement decisions where transmission opportunities are postponed only when channel conditions are poor or resources are likely to cause interference. When conditions are favorable, transmissions proceed immediately. This dynamic approach optimizes resource utilization by avoiding poor transmission opportunities while minimizing latency by not postponing when conditions are good.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different postponement strategies to different transmission opportunities based on local conditions such as channel quality, interference levels, and data priority. High-priority data experiences minimal postponement, while low-priority data may be postponed for better resource availability, thereby optimizing overall resource utilization while controlling latency for critical transmissions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentEP3657830B1Device-to-device (D2D) transmit behavior
Publication Date: 2026.03.25 INTEL CORP
  • EP3657830B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3657830B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3657830B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

In embodiments, apparatuses, methods, and storage media may be described for mapping media access control (MAC) protocol data units (PDUs) that are used to transmit scheduling assignment (SA) discovery, and/or device-to-device (D2D) data. Embodiments herein may describe how one or more MAC PDUs may be mapped into a time resource pattern for transmissions (T-RPT). Embodiments herein may further describe examples of how and when a UE may skip subframes in transmissions of the SA and/or data. Additionally, embodiments herein may further describe examples of how a UE may behave if the UE cannot transmit one or more scheduled instances of SA or data. Additionally, embodiments herein may describe resolution of collisions of D2D discovery messages in the time domain. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.