D2D Communication Signaling via eNB Resource Allocation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current LTE networks face challenges in efficiently managing device-to-device (D2D) communications within the same licensed band, requiring significant changes to the LTE architecture and control signaling structure to facilitate direct communication between user equipment (UEs) while maintaining network control and resource allocation.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a centralized system where the evolved Node B (eNB) allocates and manages time-frequency resources for D2D communications, initiating and permitting D2D links between suitable UEs, with control signaling primarily originating from the eNB to minimize architectural changes and allow for direct control signaling between D2D pairs once established.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If D2D communications are implemented within the LTE licensed band, then spatial reuse and system throughput are improved, but significant changes to the LTE architecture and control signaling structure are required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem throughputVSAvoidLTE architecture complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a centralized system (eNB or designated UE) as an intermediary to manage D2D communications. This intermediary handles resource allocation, link establishment, and control signaling, thereby enabling D2D communications without requiring fundamental changes to the LTE architecture. The intermediary mediates between the direct D2D links and the core network, maintaining architectural integrity while enabling new functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent enables the existing LTE infrastructure to serve multiple functions: traditional cellular communications and D2D communications. By allowing UEs to operate in both cellular mode and D2D mode, and by using the same licensed band for both purposes, the system achieves multi-functionality without requiring separate dedicated infrastructure for D2D communications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Reliability

If centralized control is maintained for D2D communications, then network control and resource allocation are preserved, but control signaling overhead increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenetwork controlVSAvoidcontrol signaling overhead
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts certain control functions from the centralized eNB and transfers them to the D2D UEs themselves. For example, once resources are allocated by the eNB, the actual data transmission, HARQ acknowledgments, and power control adjustments are handled directly between UEs without continuous eNB intervention. This extraction reduces the control signaling overhead while maintaining essential network control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the control signaling into different layers: high-level resource allocation and admission control remain centralized at the eNB, while lower-level transmission control, power adjustment, and HARQ operations are decentralized to the UE pair. This segmentation allows the system to maintain reliability through centralized oversight while reducing overhead by localizing routine control functions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentEP2880943B1Signaling and channel designs for d2d communications
Publication Date: 2021.04.21 APPLE INC
  • EP2880943B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2880943B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2880943B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Described are methods and devices for enabling D2D communications with signal structures that require minimal changes to the current LTE architecture. In the embodiments described, the eNB grants resources to UEs for D2D communication and either initiates or permits a pair of UEs to establish a D2D link. Certain embodiments are designed to minimize changes to the current LTE control signaling structure by having the control signaling always come from the eNB as in a normal cellular link so that the transmitting UE transmits over a data channel (e.g., PUSCH/PDSCH) that the receiving UE is able to decode.