Damped Chipping Tool Structure for Small-Diameter Vibration Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Cutting tools experience vibrations perpendicular to their longitudinal axis during machining operations, leading to surface quality issues and reduced tool life, especially in tools with small diameters and large axial lengths, which existing solutions struggle to effectively address.
Innovation Solution
A cutting tool design featuring a base body with a chip flute extending less than 180° and a web area over 180°, incorporating a damping mechanism with a mass body mounted in a resilient and damping manner via viscoelastic material, allowing for adjustable damping properties and anisotropic compliance to effectively reduce vibrations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Volume of moving object
If a chip groove extends over an angle of significantly less than 180° in an asymmetrical design, then the cutting tool can be designed for specific machining operations with compact dimensions, but the web area extends over an angle of significantly more than 180° creating inherent susceptibility to vibrations in directions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies asymmetry by designing the base body with a chip groove extending over an angle of less than 180° (preferably less than 150°, more preferably less than 120°), creating an asymmetrical cross-section where the web area extends over more than 180°. This asymmetrical design allows the tool to achieve compact dimensions while the specific asymmetrical configuration helps manage vibration characteristics through targeted damping.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements dynamics by introducing a damping mechanism with a spring-loaded mass body that can move relative to the base body. The mass body is supported by a viscoelastic material or spring-damping elements that allow it to respond dynamically to vibration frequencies, adjusting its damping effect based on the actual vibration conditions during machining operations.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If material selection and design considerations are used to mitigate vibrations to a certain extent, then some vibration reduction is achieved, but the costs increase and the solution reaches its limits especially with small diameter tools and large axial length
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the physical parameters of the damping mechanism, specifically the mass of the mass body and the elasticity and damping characteristics of the viscoelastic material. These parameters can be adjusted to optimize damping performance for different vibration frequencies and tool configurations, providing a cost-effective solution that doesn't require expensive material selections or complex designs.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses a viscoelastic material as an intermediary between the mass body and the base body. This intermediary element provides both elastic support and damping functionality, allowing the mass body to move and absorb vibration energy while being coupled to the base body. The viscoelastic material serves as a cost-effective mediator that achieves vibration reduction without requiring complex mechanical structures or expensive materials.
3Adaptability or versatility
If the mass body is supported by a viscoelastic material, then the damping mechanism can be adjusted in a cost-effective and simple manner via the mass of the mass body and the elasticity and damping of the material, but the structural complexity increases compared to rigid mounting
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the physical parameters of the damping mechanism, specifically the mass of the mass body and the elasticity and damping characteristics of the viscoelastic material. These parameters can be adjusted to optimize damping performance for different vibration frequencies and tool configurations, providing a cost-effective solution that doesn't require expensive material selections or complex designs.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite materials by combining the mass body (typically metal) with a viscoelastic material to create a damping mechanism. The viscoelastic material provides both elastic support and energy dissipation properties, creating a composite structure that achieves both mechanical support and vibration damping functionality. This composite approach provides adaptability through material selection while maintaining relatively simple structural implementation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design significantly reduces vibrations, enhancing the quality of machined surfaces, extending tool life, and reducing noise, while being cost-effective and adaptable to different vibration frequencies and directions.
Implementation Method 1
If the mass body is supported relative to the base body by a viscoelastic material, the damping mechanism can be adjusted in a particularly cost-effective and simple manner via the mass of the mass body and the elasticity and damping of the viscoelastic material
Implementation Method 2
a damping mechanism is arranged in a recess at the axial height of the seat, which has a spring-loaded and damping mass body
Implementation Method 3
the mass body is held between two spring-damping elements such that, when the mass body is deflected in directions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the base body, these elements predominantly undergo shear deformation
Data Source
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AI summary
A cutting tool (100) is provided, comprising a base body (1) extending along a longitudinal axis (L) and having a first end (11) for connection with a tool holder and a free second end (12), wherein the base body (1) has a chip groove (13) extending from the second end (12) over a portion of its axial length towards the first end (11), which extends in a section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) over an angular range (a) of less than 180°, such that a remaining web area (14) of the base body (1) extends over an angular range (θ) of more than 180°, wherein a seat (15) is formed at the second end (12) adjacent to the chip groove (13) for receiving a replaceable cutting insert (50) such that the insert projects from the second end (12) in the axial and radial direction.and wherein a damping mechanism (20) is arranged in a recess (16) in the web area (14) of the base body (1) at the axial height of the seat (15), the damping mechanism having a resiliently and dampingly mounted mass body (21).