Dark Neutral Gray Glass Composition with Low Transmittance
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing dark, neutral gray-colored, low-transmittance glass compositions fail to effectively protect privacy and harmonize with various colors due to high color purity and excessive use of certain colorants like Ni and Cr, which also lead to issues such as heat conductivity decrease and non-uniform color production.
Innovation Solution
A glass composition with Fe2O3, CoO, and Se as colorants, where the FeO content in Fe2O3 and the CoO to Se ratio are specifically controlled within certain ranges to achieve low visible light, solar energy, and ultraviolet transmittance, while maintaining low color purity, thus optimizing privacy protection and aesthetic harmony.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Illumination intensity
If Fe2O3, CoO and Se are used as colorant ingredients to achieve low transmittance for privacy protection, then visible light transmittance and solar energy transmittance are reduced, but color purity increases making it difficult to harmonize with various colors
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the chemical composition parameters of colorant ingredients. Specifically, it limits Fe2O3 to 0.5-2.0 wt%, CoO to 0.01-0.05 wt%, and Se to 0.001-0.01 wt%, while maintaining FeO/Total Fe2O3 ratio between 0.1-0.4 and CoO/Se ratio between 1-10. This parameter optimization achieves low transmittance (LTa≤30%) while reducing color purity to 6-12%, enabling the glass to harmonize with various vehicle colors while providing effective privacy protection.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite materials by combining multiple colorant ingredients (Fe2O3, CoO, Se) in specific proportions rather than using a single colorant. This composite approach creates a synergistic effect where the combination of iron oxide for base coloration, cobalt oxide for deepening, and selenium for UV blocking produces a neutral gray tone with low color purity that can harmonize with various colors while achieving the desired transmittance levels.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If additional elements like Ni and Cr are used to improve glass color and UV-blocking effect, then color purity and UV blocking are enhanced, but glass breakage risk increases due to volume expansion after tempering
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies the extraction principle by removing harmful elements (Ni and Cr) from the glass composition while retaining beneficial UV-blocking functionality. It replaces nickel and chromium with selenium (0.001-0.01 wt%) as the primary UV-blocking agent, which does not cause volume expansion issues during tempering. This extraction eliminates the glass breakage risk associated with NiS formation while maintaining effective UV blocking (Tuv≤5%).
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses selenium as a minimal-effective-dose additive that provides UV blocking without the long-term reliability issues of nickel and chromium. By using Se in small amounts (0.001-0.01 wt%) alongside Fe2O3 and CoO, the glass achieves UV protection without incorporating elements that cause structural instability during tempering, effectively replacing problematic long-term materials with a safer alternative.
3Illumination intensity
If high Fe2O3 content is used to achieve low visible light transmittance, then privacy protection is improved, but color purity increases and aesthetic harmony is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the Fe2O3 content parameter to a specific range (0.5-2.0 wt%) rather than using high concentrations. By controlling Fe2O3 within this optimized range and adjusting the FeO/Total Fe2O3 ratio to 0.1-0.4, the glass achieves sufficient light attenuation (LTa≤30%) while maintaining low color purity (6-12%). This parameter optimization prevents excessive coloration that would compromise aesthetic harmony with various vehicle colors.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces cobalt oxide and selenium as intermediary substances that work synergistically with Fe2O3 to achieve the desired optical properties. CoO (0.01-0.05 wt%) and Se (0.001-0.01 wt%) act as mediators that enhance the light-absorbing capability of Fe2O3, allowing lower Fe2O3 content to achieve the same transmittance level, thereby reducing color purity while maintaining privacy protection effectiveness.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The glass composition effectively absorbs visible light and solar energy, provides UV blocking, reduces cooling loads, and maintains low color purity, ensuring privacy protection and aesthetic compatibility with various colors, while avoiding issues like heat conductivity decrease and non-uniform color production.
Implementation Method 1
Each of these elements has a unique coloring effect, and absorption characteristics of ultraviolet rays and solar energy. Such characteristics result from the phenomenon that each element absorbs its specific wavelength.
Implementation Method 2
Since it has a low ultraviolet rays transmittance (Tuv), damage to fabrics and discoloration or decomposition of articles inside motor vehicles due to ultraviolet rays can be prevented.
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a dark neutral gray glass composition with a low transmittance, and a glass formed therefrom, and more specifically, to a dark neutral gray glass composition with a low transmittance and a low color purity, wherein an appropriate amount of Fe2O3, CoO and Se are used as a colorant component, and the FeO content in Fe2O3 and the CoO and Se relative content are delimited by a predetermined range, so as to lower the transmittance of visible rays, solar energy and ultraviolet rayss and color purity, thereby protecting privacy in a vehicle, a building and the like, enabling harmony among the various colors thereof, and protecting an interior material and people from ultraviolet rayss, and to a glass formed therefrom.