Dark radiator
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current dark radiators, despite having low emissions of harmful substances and high effectiveness, still emit nitrogen oxides and carbon-containing compounds, which can be minimized further.
Innovation Solution
A dark radiator design incorporating a secondary burner fueled by hydrogen, where the exhaust gas from the primary burner serves as combustion air, and a fan connected to an ejector for a defined hydrogen/combustion air mixture, along with a compensator for thermal equalization, reduces emissions by minimizing carbon-containing substances and optimizing combustion conditions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If natural gas or liquefied gas is used as fuel in conventional burners, then the dark radiator achieves high heating effectiveness, but harmful substances containing carbon (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons) are emitted during combustion
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameter of the fuel from carbon-containing gas (natural gas/liquefied gas) to hydrogen gas. This fundamental parameter change eliminates carbon-containing emissions while maintaining combustion effectiveness. The hydrogen fuel is supplied through a hydrogen source connected to the burner system, and the combustion process produces only water vapor and heat, completely eliminating CO, CO2, and hydrocarbon emissions.
2Productivity
If the primary burner operates at high temperature for efficient combustion, then heating effectiveness is improved, but nitrogen oxides are formed as harmful byproducts
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the combustion process into two separate stages using two distinct burners: a primary burner for initial combustion and a secondary burner for exhaust gas treatment. The secondary burner is positioned downstream from the primary burner and is specifically designed to treat the exhaust gas stream. This segmentation allows the primary burner to operate at high temperature for efficiency while the secondary burner subsequently reduces nitrogen oxide formation by further combusting remaining hydrocarbons and adjusting the combustion atmosphere.
3Productivity
If the secondary burner is positioned close to the primary burner, then the exhaust gas treatment is more efficient, but the risk of flame flashback and interference with primary combustion increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a mixing chamber as an intermediary component between the primary burner and secondary burner. The exhaust gas from the primary burner is directed into this mixing chamber where it is mixed with secondary air before being supplied to the secondary burner. This intermediary mixing chamber serves multiple functions: it cools the exhaust gas stream, provides proper mixing of gases, positions the secondary combustion zone at an appropriate distance from the primary flame, and prevents direct flame contact between the two burners, thereby eliminating flashback risk while maintaining treatment efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design significantly reduces harmful emissions, particularly nitrogen oxides, while maintaining high effectiveness by utilizing hydrogen's reactivity and exhaust gas recirculation to promote complete combustion and lower flame temperatures.
Implementation Method 1
a fan (2), in particular a centrifugal fan, which serves for supplying the combustion air to the burner (1)
Implementation Method 2
By means of combustion of a mixture of fuel gas and air within the burner (1), a flame is generated
Implementation Method 3
The radiant tubes are regularly to be continuous and linear or U-shaped subsequent to the burner, and are supposed to emit the heat generated by the flame uniformly over the entire tube progression
Implementation Method 4
the fan is connected to an ejector having a suction connector connected with the hydrogen supply, wherein the combustion air drawn in by the fan serves as a driving medium
Data Source
AI summary
A dark radiator includes a first burner, a fan and a radiant tube. The first burner is connected to a fuel gas supply, the fan is designed to supply the first burner with combustion air and the first burner is designed to output a flame into the radiant tube. The fuel gas supply is connected to a hydrogen source as a fuel gas source and a secondary burner is connected downstream in the radiant tube spaced apart from the first burner functioning as the primary burner in the flame direction. The fuel gas supply thereof is connected to a hydrogen source as a fuel gas source and the exhaust gas flow of the upstream primary burner is supplied to the secondary burner as combustion air.