Darkness Gamma Transfer Function for HDR Image Compression

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Solution Overview

Problem

High dynamic range (HDR) images compressed to low dynamic range (LDR) for display on LDR devices often result in reduced contrast and loss of details, particularly in dark areas, due to existing tone mapping techniques that can produce unnatural shadows and artifacts.

Innovation Solution

The use of a darkness gamma transfer function to calculate gain values for each output pixel, allowing for a universal transfer curve that preserves natural image details without over-contrast in dark areas, and is computationally efficient with a simple iterative process.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Illumination intensity

If regular gamma-correction is used for HDR to LDR compression, then the output appears more natural and pleasant, but the differences between closest input values become too large causing overexposed shadows

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenatural appearanceVSAvoidshadow detail preservation
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the gamma correction function by introducing a new parameter alpha to control the transition region. The function changes form based on whether input values are below or above a threshold, allowing precise control over how shadow details are preserved while maintaining natural appearance in other regions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The transfer function is divided into two segments: one for values below the threshold (preserving shadow details with different characteristics) and one for values above the threshold (maintaining natural gamma correction). This segmentation allows different processing strategies for different parts of the image.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Stability of the object's composition

If logarithmic correction is used for strong HDR cases, then the transformation is smooth, but the contrast is reduced and less details are preserved

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesmooth transformationVSAvoiddetail preservation
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a threshold parameter and an alpha parameter to control the behavior of the transfer function. By changing the function form based on the input value relative to the threshold, it avoids the continuous compression of logarithmic functions while maintaining smooth transitions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The transfer function dynamically adapts its characteristics based on the input value. For shadow regions (below threshold), it applies one transformation; for other regions, it applies a different transformation. This dynamic behavior preserves details while maintaining smooth overall appearance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Illumination intensity

If global tone mapping is applied to preserve naturalness, then dark area details are maintained, but additional local corrections are affected and artifacts may appear

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedark area detail preservationVSAvoidartifacts
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the global tone mapping function by introducing a threshold parameter and alpha parameter. This creates a transfer function that naturally handles dark areas without creating discontinuities in the derivative, thereby preserving details while avoiding the artifacts that would result from subsequent local corrections.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Device complexity

If linear scaling is used for HDR to LDR compression, then the process is simple, but the resulting image is very dark requiring brightness fixation that loses information

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocessing simplicityVSAvoidimage detail loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enhances simple linear scaling by introducing a piecewise function with a threshold parameter. This maintains the simplicity of the approach while adding the capability to preserve dark area details through a different transformation in the shadow region, avoiding information loss.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3796253B1Compressing dynamic range in images using darkness gamma transfer function
Publication Date: 2023.08.09 INTEL CORP
  • EP3796253B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3796253B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3796253B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An example apparatus for compressing dynamic range includes an image receiver to receive an input image with a high dynamic range. The apparatus further includes a darkness gamma transfer calculator to calculate gain values for each output pixel via a darkness gamma transfer function. The apparatus also further includes a gain applicator to apply the gain values to color channel values of the input image to generate a compressed image.