Data Center Airflow Management via Cold Aisle Ceiling Panels

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing data center cooling systems face challenges in efficiently managing airflow, particularly in retrofitting existing infrastructure with standard containment systems, leading to inefficient mixing of cool and room temperature air, and difficulties in containing hot and cold aisles effectively.

Innovation Solution

A data center design featuring a frame structure with alternating hot and cold aisles, utilizing a common roof plenum for hot air containment and ceiling panels to seal cold aisles, ensuring efficient air distribution and treatment through cooling units, with ceiling panels secured by brush strips to prevent air leakage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If standard containment systems are retrofitted into existing data centers, then airflow control and hot/cold aisle containment are improved, but device complexity and customization requirements increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveairflow controlVSAvoidcustomization requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The containment system is divided into modular components including individual ceiling panels for cold aisle containment, separate plenum structures for hot and cold air distribution, and discrete cooling units. Each module can be independently installed and configured, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining effective airflow control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The ceiling panels serve multiple functions: they contain cold air in the cold aisles, provide structural support for the cooling system, and act as a framework for cable management. The plenum structures simultaneously distribute both hot and cold air through different pathways. This multi-functionality reduces the number of separate components needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Ease of operation

If cool air is allowed to mix with room temperature air, then ease of operation is improved, but energy efficiency deteriorates due to inefficient cooling

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveair flow freedomVSAvoidcooling efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The cold air supply pathways are extracted and separated from the general room air space by implementing dedicated cold aisles enclosed with ceiling panels. This extraction ensures that cool air travels directly to equipment without mixing with warmer room air, maintaining cooling efficiency while simplifying airflow management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

Ceiling panels act as intermediary structures that physically separate and guide cold air flow through designated cold aisles. These panels create controlled pathways that prevent mixing with ambient air while maintaining operational simplicity through their passive containment function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Device complexity

If hot air is not contained within the frame structure, then device complexity is reduced, but temperature control deteriorates leading to heat build-up

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontainment structureVSAvoidheat build-up
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

Hot air containment is merged with the existing building infrastructure by utilizing the roof space as a hot aisle plenum. This integration allows hot air to be collected and directed to cooling units without requiring separate containment structures, reducing overall system complexity while preventing heat build-up at the equipment level.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enhances airflow management by containing hot air within the frame structure and maintaining cold air isolation, reducing energy consumption and improving fan efficiency, while being adaptable for installation in existing data centers without extensive customization.

Implementation Method 1

at least one cooling unit in fluid communication with the common hot aisle plenum (external duct), that functions to receive and configured to treat hot air delivered from the common hot aisle plenum (external duct)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat exchange: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 2

each cold aisle includes a plurality of ceiling panels to contain air in the cold aisle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhysical containment: Physical Containment

Implementation Method 3

Each ceiling panel, when extending between equipment racks of adjacent rows of equipment racks to define the cold aisle, may be secured to a brush strip mounted on a top of the equipment racks

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFriction: Friction

Data Source

PatentEP3493662B1Airflow distribution and management architecture for large data center
Publication Date: 2024.10.09 SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC IT CORP
  • EP3493662B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3493662B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3493662B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A data center includes a structure having a floor, walls and a roof, and a plurality of rows of equipment racks positioned within the structure. The rows of equipment racks are arranged parallel to one another, with the rows of equipment racks defining alternating hot aisles and cold aisles. Each hot aisle is contained within the structure and in fluid communication with a hot aisle return. Each cold aisle includes a plurality of ceiling panels to contain air in the cold aisle. Each ceiling panel is configured to extend between equipment racks of adjacent rows of equipment racks to define the cold aisle and/or configured to extend between equipment racks of a row of equipment racks and an aisle end wall to define the cold aisle.