Data Center Thermal Capacity Management Using CFD Theta Factor

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current thermal capacity management systems in data centers lack effective methods to evaluate and optimize the thermal impact of electronic equipment, leading to potential overheating risks and inefficient cooling distribution.

Innovation Solution

A method that calculates a non-dimensional parameter Theta (θ) based on cabinet inlet temperatures, supply air temperature, and maximum allowable temperature, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models to determine confidence levels in cooling capacity management, and distributes remaining cooling capacity among cabinets to maintain a safe thermal environment, with alarm notifications for exceeding temperature thresholds.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If cooling capacity is distributed evenly among all cabinets, then simplicity of distribution is improved, but thermal safety is worsened due to varying thermal conditions in different locations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling distribution simplicityVSAvoidthermal safety
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements location-specific thermal capacity evaluation by calculating a thermal capacity factor for each cabinet based on its unique thermal characteristics. The system determines available thermal capacity individually for each cabinet using CFD simulations and thermal models, rather than applying a uniform distribution approach. This allows each cabinet to receive cooling capacity allocation matched to its specific thermal requirements and safety margins.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Reliability

If thermal capacity evaluation is performed for each cabinet individually, then thermal safety is improved, but system complexity is worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal safetyVSAvoidevaluation system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary CFD simulations and thermal modeling during the design phase to establish baseline thermal characteristics for each cabinet location. These pre-computed thermal models and capacity factors are stored and reused during operational phases, avoiding the need for real-time complex simulations. The system prepares thermal capacity evaluations in advance based on cabinet configurations and environmental conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates simplified thermal models that replicate the complex CFD simulation results. Instead of running full CFD simulations continuously, the system uses pre-generated thermal models and capacity factor calculations that approximate the detailed simulation outcomes. These models serve as computationally efficient copies that maintain accuracy while reducing processing complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Reliability

If cooling capacity is allocated based on maximum thermal demand, then thermal safety is improved, but cooling efficiency is worsened due to over-provisioning

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal safetyVSAvoidcooling efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic cooling capacity allocation that adjusts the thermal capacity factor for each cabinet based on real-time operational conditions, equipment density, and actual thermal measurements. The system continuously monitors and updates the available thermal capacity allocation, transitioning from static maximum-demand provisioning to dynamic optimization. This allows the cooling system to adapt capacity distribution as equipment is added, removed, or relocated within cabinets.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach ensures efficient thermal capacity management by distributing cooling resources effectively, providing user confidence in maintaining safe IT equipment temperatures and preventing overheating, with customizable confidence levels and distribution schemes.

Implementation Method 1

using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models to determine confidence levels in cooling capacity management

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD):

Implementation Method 2

cabinet inlet temperatures, supply air temperature, and maximum allowable temperature

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature measurement:

Data Source

PatentEP3042259B1Thermal capacity management
Publication Date: 2020.02.05 PANDUIT CORP
  • EP3042259B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3042259B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3042259B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Embodiment of the present invention generally relate to the field of thermal capacity management within data centers, and more specifically, to methods and systems which provide feedback based on thermal information associated with parts of a data center. In an embodiment, the present invention is a method comprising the steps of using temperature measurements and power meter readings to provide real-time capacity usage information in a given data center and to use that information to perform moves/adds/changes with a particular level of confidence.