Data Centre DC Ring Bus for UPS-Free Power Reliability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional AC power distribution systems for data centers are inefficient due to multiple transformers and converters, unable to integrate renewable energy, and require costly uninterruptable power supplies (UPS) to meet reliability demands, leading to high construction and operational costs.
Innovation Solution
A DC power distribution system with multiple bus sections and ultra-fast DC switches forms a redundant ring configuration, integrating various energy sources and storage units, eliminating the need for UPS by ensuring uninterrupted power through fast fault isolation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If AC power distribution system is used, then power supply reliability can be maintained through conventional infrastructure, but energy losses increase due to multiple transformers and converters
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes the AC-to-DC conversion components (transformers and converters) from the power distribution system by implementing a DC-native architecture. DC sources directly connect to DC buses, eliminating the need for intermediate conversion stages and reducing energy losses associated with these components.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the conventional AC mechanical/electromagnetic transformation system with a direct DC electrical connection system. By substituting transformers and converters with direct DC coupling, the system eliminates the mechanical and electromagnetic conversion processes that cause energy losses.
2Adaptability or versatility
If conventional AC distribution system is used, then existing infrastructure can be utilized, but integration of renewable energy sources becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal DC bus architecture that can directly accept power from multiple diverse sources including DC batteries, DC fuel cells, and DC photovoltaic panels, as well as AC sources converted to DC. This multi-functional DC-native platform eliminates the need for separate integration circuits for each renewable source type.
3Reliability
If AC distribution system is used, then standard power supply can be provided, but costly UPS systems are required to meet reliability demands
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements beforehand cushioning by incorporating energy storage batteries that are permanently connected to the DC bus, ready to immediately compensate for any power interruptions or faults. This pre-positioned energy buffer eliminates the need for complex UPS systems while maintaining continuous power supply reliability.
4Ease of manufacture
If multiple transformers and converters are used in AC system, then power distribution can be achieved, but construction and operational costs increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes the expensive transformer and converter components from the power distribution path, directly connecting DC sources to DC buses. This elimination of intermediate equipment reduces both construction costs (fewer components to install) and operational costs (lower energy losses).
Data Source
AI summary
A data center electrical energy distribution system includes multiple AC, MV DC, and LV DC bus sections. A primary AC source connects to at least one AC bus section, while a secondary AC source connects to either an AC bus section or an MV DC bus section. Each MV DC bus section is linked to a DC source. The AC and LV DC bus sections operate as isolated islands, only connecting through MV DC bus sections. MV DC bus sections form a ring bus, interconnected via semiconductor switching units, which remain closed during normal operation.