DC Circuit Breaker Commutation Control for Fast Re-Closing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional DC circuit breakers face challenges with high cost, large volume, and design contradictions when attempting to achieve fast re-closing functions due to slow charging times and increased complexity in commutation capacitor management.

Innovation Solution

A DC circuit breaker device with a commutation module comprising a commutation capacitor, switch module, and control module that allows for controlled charging and discharging to a predefined polarity and voltage, enabling efficient re-closing and disconnecting operations without the need for pre-charging or additional capacitors.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If conventional DC circuit breakers implement fast re-closing functions with pre-charged commutation capacitors, then the re-closing speed is improved, but the device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvere-closing speedVSAvoidcommutation capacitor management complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the pre-charging function from the commutation capacitor management system. By using a separate charging resistor connected in parallel with the commutation capacitor, the charging operation is separated from the main commutation circuit, simplifying the control logic and reducing management complexity while maintaining fast re-closing capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-charging the commutation capacitor through a dedicated charging resistor before the re-closing operation. This ensures the capacitor is ready to provide the necessary commutation current immediately when re-closing is required, enabling fast re-closing without complex real-time charging control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Speed

If multiple commutation capacitors are used to achieve fast re-closing, then the re-closing performance is improved, but the device volume and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvere-closing performanceVSAvoiddevice volume
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSVolume of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the single commutation capacitor multi-functional by equipping it with dual roles: (1) commutation function during normal breaking operations, and (2) fast re-closing function when charged through the charging resistor. This eliminates the need for separate capacitors for different functions, reducing device volume while maintaining performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Reliability

If conventional methods use additional capacitors for pre-charging, then the re-closing capability is improved, but the manufacturing cost and footprint increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvere-closing capabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the re-closing capability function into the existing commutation capacitor and charging resistor components. By combining the commutation and re-closing functions into a single integrated system rather than using separate components, the manufacturing cost and footprint are reduced while maintaining reliable re-closing capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables fast re-closing and disconnecting functions with a simple structure, low cost, and reduced footprint, effectively addressing the limitations of conventional methods by utilizing a single commutation capacitor for quick voltage and polarity adjustments.

Implementation Method 1

a commutation module connected in parallel with the first circuit breaker and comprising a commutation capacitor, a commutation switch module and a commutation inductor connected in series

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Data Source

PatentEP4307330A1Direct current circuit breaker device and control method therefor
Publication Date: 2024.01.17 SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC IND SAS
  • EP4307330A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4307330A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4307330A1 patent drawingFigure 3(a)~3(d)

AI summary

A DC circuit breaker device is provided, comprising: a circuit breaker module including a first circuit breaker and a second circuit breaker connected in series with the first circuit breaker for connecting a load and a DC power source in a DC circuit system; a commutation module connected in parallel with the first circuit breaker and comprising a commutation capacitor, a commutation switch module and a commutation inductor connected in series; the commutation switch module comprising a commutation switch positive branch and a commutation switch negative branch, the commutation switch positive branch and the commutation switch negative branch being capable of being controllably switched on/off; and a control module coupled to the circuit breaker module and the commutation module, and configured to control the switching on/off of the commutation switch positive branch and the commutation switch negative branch after the first circuit breaker is re-closed, so that the commutation capacitor is charged/discharged to a predefined polarity and voltage that satisfies a requirement for the first circuit breaker to disconnect again. A method of controlling a DC circuit breaker is also provided.