DC Line Current Interruption via Zero Setpoint Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for interrupting current in a DC voltage line during faults, such as thermal breakdown or flashover, require expensive switching devices with high breaking currents and struggle with accurately regulating mesh currents in meshed DC voltage networks, leading to costly operations and potential re-ignition of arcs.

Innovation Solution

The method involves temporarily setting the current and voltage setpoints to zero with time-varying periodic signals to dampen oscillations, allowing the use of less expensive switching devices and effectively de-energizing the faulty DC voltage line, thereby reducing operational costs and minimizing arc re-ignition risks.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the converter current is regulated to a small non-zero setpoint (0.1 or 0.2 of normal operation) during fault, then the current is limited to approximately 4 kA, but switching devices with such high breaking current capability are expensive to manufacture and operate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefault current limitationVSAvoidswitching device cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The converter proactively regulates current to zero setpoint before the fault current can build up to dangerous levels, preventing the need for expensive high-breaking-current switching devices. This preliminary action of setting current to zero eliminates the requirement for costly 4kA switching equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the current setpoint parameter from a small non-zero value (0.1-0.2 of normal) to exactly zero during fault conditions. This parameter change fundamentally alters the fault current profile, reducing it from approximately 4kA to near-zero levels, thereby enabling the use of inexpensive switching devices.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If the converter acts as an open end to limit current during fault, then current is restricted, but this causes undamped current and voltage oscillations with high amplitudes (voltages up to twice nominal voltage) in the DC voltage line

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecurrent limitingVSAvoidvoltage oscillation amplitude
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention converts the harmful oscillations caused by the open-end configuration into a beneficial damping effect. By regulating current to zero setpoint, the converter transforms the oscillation problem into a controlled energy dissipation process, where the oscillations naturally decay without reaching dangerous amplitudes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Solution Approach 2:

The converter acts as an intermediary element between the fault location and the rest of the DC network. By maintaining zero current setpoint, it mediates the oscillation energy, preventing it from propagating with high amplitude through the DC voltage line while still providing current limiting protection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of operation

If switching devices are used to disconnect the DC voltage line during fault, then the line can be isolated, but the decay time of oscillations can be up to one second causing potential re-ignition of arcs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveline disconnection capabilityVSAvoidarc re-ignition risk
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The converter performs preliminary current suppression by maintaining zero setpoint before disconnection occurs. This preliminary action reduces oscillation amplitudes to minimal levels, ensuring that when switching devices disconnect the line, arc re-ignition risk is eliminated even if disconnection takes up to one second.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The zero current setpoint regulation provides beforehand cushioning against the potential harm of arc re-ignition. By proactively suppressing oscillations to minimal amplitudes before disconnection, the system cushions against the risk that would otherwise exist during the up-to-one-second decay period.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach effectively dampens current oscillations, allows the use of cost-effective switching devices, and shortens the time to reconnection, reducing adverse effects on AC voltage networks and lowering overall operating costs.

Implementation Method 1

a counter-voltage generated by the converter Current in the DC voltage line is limited

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCounter-voltage generation: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP3161921B1Method for interrupting an electric current in a DC line and application of said method
Publication Date: 2022.12.07 SIEMENS ENERGY GLOBAL GMBH & CO KG
  • EP3161921B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3161921B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3161921B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for interrupting an electric current in a DC line (2) connected to a DC connection of an inverter (6), in which, in the event of a DC line fault, an inverter current on the DC side is controlled to a current set point which is lower than a current set point in normal operation, and/or an inverter voltage on the DC side is controlled to a voltage set point which is lower than a voltage set point in normal operation. The invention is characterized in that the predefined current set point is at least temporarily set equal to zero and/or the voltage set point is temporarily is set to zero. The invention further relates to an application of the method in a DC network.