DC Power System Fault Handling via Line Separation

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Direct current (DC) power systems face challenges in handling faults due to the absence of current zero crossing, which complicates the operation of circuit breakers and increases stress on current-carrying elements, affecting system availability and stability.

Innovation Solution

A method and arrangement for handling faults in DC power systems involving interconnecting converters in different converter stations via line separating devices, allowing for fault detection, isolation, and potential reconnection of power lines, while minimizing disturbance spread and reducing equipment stress through intelligent fault handling procedures.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If automatic reclosing functionality is used in DC power systems, then system availability is improved, but stress on current-carrying elements increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem availabilityVSAvoidstress on current-carrying elements
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by performing fault investigation after the faulted line is disconnected but before attempting reclosing. The control system investigates whether the fault has been cleared by attempting to raise DC voltage and detecting fault current, only proceeding to reclose if the investigation confirms the fault is cleared. This preliminary investigation reduces stress on current-carrying elements by avoiding unnecessary reclosing attempts into persistent faults.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback through the investigation mechanism that provides information about fault status before reclosing. The control system receives feedback from voltage raising attempts and fault current detection to determine whether the fault has been cleared, using this feedback to decide whether to proceed with reclosing or permanent disconnection, thereby optimizing system availability while minimizing stress on equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Measurement precision

If fault investigation is performed by raising DC voltage, then fault clearance detection is improved, but current stress on converters increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefault clearance detectionVSAvoidcurrent stress on converters
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies partial action by raising DC voltage only to a level sufficient to detect fault clearance, not necessarily to full operating voltage. The control system raises DC voltage and detects fault current as an indication that the fault has been cleared, using minimal necessary voltage elevation to achieve accurate fault detection while limiting stress on converter equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Reliability

If the entire converter station is disconnected during fault handling, then fault isolation is improved, but system productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefault isolationVSAvoidsystem productivity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by isolating only the faulted line through operation of line separating devices rather than disconnecting the entire converter station. The control system operates line separating devices to disconnect the faulted power line while allowing other lines connected to the same converter station to remain operational, thereby achieving effective fault isolation while maintaining productivity of unaffected system segments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentEP3711128B1Fault handling in a DC power system
Publication Date: 2022.01.05 HITACHI ENERGY SWITZERLAND AG
  • EP3711128B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3711128B1 patent drawingFigure 3~5
  • EP3711128B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A fault handling arrangement in a DC power system (10) comprises a first fault handling unit (18) configured to, upon the detecting of a fault (F) of a first power line (L1) interconnecting a first converter (CONV 1) in a first converter station (12) with a second converter (CONV 2) in a second converter station (14) via a first line separating device (LS1) and a second line separating device (LS2), operate the first line separating device (LS1) with the second line separating device (LS2) to disconnect the first power line (L1) from the DC power system, operate at least one further line separating device (LS3) of the first converter station (12) for isolation from the DC power system (10), investigate if the fault (F) has been cleared, while power lines (L3) between the second converter station (14) and other converter stations (16) are operational, and operate the first line separating device (LS1) with the second line separating device (LS2) to reconnect the first power line (L1) and the at least one further line separating device (LS7) to again connect the first converter station to the DC power system (10) if the fault (F) has been cleared and otherwise disconnect the first power line and reconnect the first converter station (12) to the DC power system in case of permanent fault.