DC/DC Converter Current Interpolation for Battery SoC Balancing
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Solution Overview
Problem
High voltage battery packs in electric and hybrid vehicles pose a challenge in efficiently powering low voltage systems, requiring effective state of charge balancing to prevent potential issues with DC/DC converters and battery modules.
Innovation Solution
A control system that uses DC/DC converters to regulate high voltage from high voltage battery modules to low voltage batteries, employing a mathematical model for predictive control to balance state of charge by interpolating electrical currents based on pre-calculated values for the low voltage regulator current, ensuring real-time balancing and minimizing errors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If high voltage battery packs are used to power low voltage systems, then energy efficiency and vehicle range are improved, but state of charge imbalance and potential malfunctions in DC/DC converters occur
Solution Approach 1:
The control system pre-calculates optimal current distribution strategies before state of charge imbalance occurs. By continuously monitoring battery module states and predicting future imbalance conditions, the system prepares corrective current distribution plans in advance, preventing malfunctions before they occur while maintaining high energy efficiency in the DC/DC conversion process
2Power
If DC/DC converters are used to regulate high voltage to low voltage, then power transmission from high voltage battery to low voltage systems is enabled, but complexity in controlling current distribution and state of charge balancing increases
Solution Approach 1:
The control system divides the high voltage battery pack into multiple independently controllable modules, each with its own state of charge monitoring and current control. This segmentation allows the complex power transmission task to be broken down into simpler, manageable sub-tasks for each module, reducing overall control complexity while enabling efficient power regulation from high voltage to low voltage systems
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements continuous feedback monitoring of state of charge levels in each battery module and adjusts current distribution accordingly. By using real-time feedback from voltage and current sensors, the control system automatically optimizes power transmission through the DC/DC converters, simplifying the control process through self-regulation rather than complex open-loop control
3Reliability
If real-time current adjustment is implemented to balance state of charge, then reliability of battery system is improved, but computational time and control processing load increase
Solution Approach 1:
The control system combines multiple control functions into a unified control algorithm that simultaneously handles state of charge balancing, current distribution optimization, and predictive control. By merging these functions into a single integrated control process, the system reduces computational overhead and processing time compared to separate control loops, while maintaining reliable state of charge balancing through real-time current adjustment
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution effectively balances the state of charge in high voltage battery modules, extending the vehicle's range while avoiding potential malfunctions by using a distributed low voltage system with unidirectional DC/DC converters and real-time constraints, ensuring optimal efficiency and safety.
Implementation Method 1
direct current to direct current (DC/DC) converters configured to regulate high electrical voltages from high voltage battery modules and output regulated electrical currents to a low voltage battery
Implementation Method 2
the control system is configured to differentially vary electrical currents input to the DC/DC converters in order to balance states of charge in the high voltage battery modules
Data Source
AI summary
An optimal control strategy for a distributed low voltage system with unidirectional DC/DC converters is provided. DC/DC converters regulate high electrical voltages from high voltage battery modules and output regulated electrical currents to a low voltage battery. A control system differentially varies electrical currents input to the DC/DC converters to balance states of charge in high voltage battery modules, by: calculating sets of electrical currents that balance states of charge in high voltage battery modules based on values for a low voltage regulator electrical current, in advance to knowing a value for the low voltage regulator electrical current, interpolating the sets of electrical currents to be input to the DC/DC converters in response to receiving the value for low voltage regulator electrical current, and selecting an interpolated set of the electrical currents from the sets as input to the DC/DC converters in accordance with the value received.