Clustering DDoS Botnets via IPFix Data Analysis

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current systems face challenges in efficiently detecting and classifying entities involved in distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks within large cloud environments, where botnets are difficult to identify due to their integration with normal network traffic and the complexity of distinguishing between legitimate and malicious activities.

Innovation Solution

A computer-implemented method using a combination of supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches to train classifiers, which analyze IPFix data to determine the probability of entities participating in DDoS attacks and cluster similar entities, employing techniques like hierarchical clustering and feature selection to identify botnets efficiently.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional classification methods are used to identify entities performing DDoS attacks, then the detection process becomes computationally expensive and time-consuming, but the accuracy of identifying malicious entities improves

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaccuracy of identifying malicious entitiesVSAvoidtime required for detection
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the classification process into two distinct stages: (1) an unsupervised clustering phase that groups entities based on traffic pattern similarities without requiring labeled data, and (2) a supervised classification phase that only processes the clustered groups. This segmentation reduces the computational burden on the supervised classifier while maintaining high accuracy in identifying DDoS-performing entities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies preliminary unsupervised clustering analysis to organize and pre-process the entity data before applying the computationally intensive supervised classification. This preliminary action groups similar entities together, so that the subsequent supervised classification operates on a reduced and organized dataset, significantly reducing processing time while preserving detection accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Measurement precision

If supervised classification alone is used to detect botnets, then detection accuracy may be improved, but the system requires large amounts of labeled training data which is difficult to obtain in cloud environments

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection accuracyVSAvoiddata preparation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs unsupervised clustering that operates autonomously without requiring external labeled training data. The system self-organizes entities into clusters based on inherent traffic pattern similarities, eliminating the need for manual data labeling while still enabling subsequent supervised classification to achieve high detection accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent divides the detection system into two functional segments: an unsupervised clustering component that handles data organization without labeled inputs, and a supervised classification component that leverages the organized structure for accurate detection. This segmentation allows the system to bypass the bottleneck of labeled data preparation while maintaining high detection accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Reliability

If all entities in the cloud are analyzed individually for DDoS participation, then comprehensive detection coverage is achieved, but the computational resources and processing time required become prohibitively large

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection coverageVSAvoidprocessing efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges entities into clusters based on similarities in their network traffic patterns and behaviors. By grouping entities that exhibit comparable characteristics, the system achieves comprehensive detection coverage at the cluster level rather than requiring individual analysis of each entity, thereby significantly improving processing efficiency while maintaining reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies supervised classification selectively to clustered groups rather than to every individual entity. This partial action approach focuses computational resources on analyzing representative clusters, achieving sufficient detection coverage without the excessive computational burden of exhaustive individual entity analysis.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

4Productivity

If unsupervised clustering is used to group similar entities, then processing efficiency improves, but the ability to accurately distinguish malicious from legitimate traffic patterns may be reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocessing efficiencyVSAvoidtraffic pattern discrimination accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the analysis into two complementary phases: unsupervised clustering for efficient data organization and grouping, followed by supervised classification for accurate malicious traffic identification. Each phase leverages its strengths—clustering provides processing efficiency while classification ensures discrimination accuracy—resolving the trade-off between speed and precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The unsupervised clustering acts as an intermediary step between raw entity data and final malicious traffic identification. It organizes the data into meaningful groups that preserve discriminatory patterns, enabling the subsequent supervised classifier to operate efficiently while maintaining high accuracy in distinguishing malicious from legitimate traffic.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP3507960B1Clustering approach for detecting DDOS botnets on the cloud from ipfix data
Publication Date: 2021.05.26 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC
  • EP3507960B1 patent drawingFigure 1
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AI summary

Use machine learning to train a classifier to classify entities to increase confidence with respect to an entity being part of a distributed denial of service attack. The method includes training a classifier to use a first classification method, to identify probabilities that entities from a set of entities are performing denial of service attacks. The method further includes identifying a subset of entities meeting a threshold probability of performing a denial of service attack. The method further includes using a second classification method, identifying similarity of entities in the subset of entities. The method further includes based on the similarity, classifying individual entities.