Decentralized Consensus via Asynchronous Record-keeper Extraction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current decentralized and distributed systems, such as those used in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, face inefficiencies in transaction processing due to high energy consumption and low transaction throughput rates, primarily due to the reliance on consensus methods like proof of work that require extensive computational resources.

Innovation Solution

The method involves direct state value transfer between communication devices using irreversible functions and tokens, allowing devices to transact without relying on a blockchain, thereby reducing the need for extensive computational verification and enabling asynchronous updates of the record-keeper, which decreases energy consumption and increases transaction throughput.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If proof of work consensus methods are used in decentralized systems, then transaction integrity and consensus are achieved, but energy consumption increases and transaction throughput rate decreases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvetransaction integrityVSAvoidenergy consumption

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the consensus verification process from the main transaction path by introducing a separate record-keeper that maintains the blockchain asynchronously. This allows transactions to be processed directly between devices without requiring proof of work validation, thereby reducing energy consumption while maintaining transaction integrity through the separate consensus layer.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary record-keeper that acts as a mediator between transactions and the blockchain. This record-keeper asynchronously updates the blockchain with transaction data, separating the high-speed transaction processing from the energy-intensive consensus verification, thus resolving the contradiction between transaction integrity and energy consumption.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If proof of work consensus methods are used in decentralized systems, then transaction integrity and consensus are achieved, but transaction throughput rate decreases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvetransaction integrityVSAvoidtransaction throughput rate

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the consensus verification process from the main transaction path by introducing a separate record-keeper that maintains the blockchain asynchronously. This allows transactions to be processed directly between devices without requiring proof of work validation, thereby increasing transaction throughput rate while maintaining transaction integrity through the separate consensus layer.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary action by having the record-keeper asynchronously update the blockchain with transaction data after transactions are already processed. This allows transactions to be executed immediately without waiting for consensus verification, thereby increasing throughput while the background process ensures integrity by updating the blockchain.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

3Reliability

If blockchain is used for every transaction verification, then transaction consistency is maintained, but latency increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvetransaction consistencyVSAvoidtransaction latency

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the blockchain verification process from the real-time transaction path by using a separate record-keeper that updates the blockchain asynchronously. This eliminates the latency caused by requiring blockchain verification for every transaction while maintaining consistency through the background consensus process.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

4Productivity

If direct state value transfer is implemented without blockchain, then transaction speed increases and energy consumption decreases, but transaction verification complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvetransaction throughput rateVSAvoidverification complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an intermediary record-keeper that simplifies verification by handling the blockchain updates asynchronously. This allows direct state value transfer between devices with simple verification, while the complex consensus maintenance is handled by the intermediary record-keeper in the background.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentUS10686601B2Consistency and consensus management in decentralized and distributed systems

Publication Date: 2020.06.16 SAFELISHARE INC

AI summary

A method for achieving consensus amongst a distributed and decentralized set of computers, devices or components in a network interacting via messaging is presented. The method does not rely on the availability of an overall ledger that is consulted for every interaction. Rather, the interacting components communicate directly with each other via messages that contain proofs of consistency that may be used to achieve local consistency amongst the interacting components. Local consistency guarantees global consistency. For regulatory and record keeping purposes, use of an overall ledger may be contemplated for regulatory and record keeping purposes. The latter may be updated by the interacting devices via an asynchronous updating mechanism.