Decoupled Transmit Receive Antennas for Non-Invasive Analyte Sensor
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current non-invasive analyte detection methods using spectroscopic techniques face challenges such as lack of specificity, interference from temperature fluctuations and skin compounds, and complexity in device placement, particularly when measuring analytes like glucose in biological tissues.
Innovation Solution
A non-invasive analyte sensor utilizing decoupled transmit and receive antennas operating in radio or microwave frequency bands, with intentional geometric differences and appropriate spacing to minimize direct electromagnetic coupling, ensuring that the response detected is from the analyte rather than the transmitted signal.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Volume of moving object
If transmit and receive antennas are placed close together for compact device design, then device size is reduced, but direct electromagnetic coupling between antennas increases causing interference
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies asymmetry by configuring the transmit antenna and receive antenna with different geometries. The transmit antenna has a first geometry while the receive antenna has a second geometry that is different from the first. This geometric asymmetry reduces direct electromagnetic coupling between the antennas, allowing them to be placed closer together without excessive interference, thus enabling compact device design while maintaining signal integrity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a decoupling structure as an intermediary element between the transmit and receive antennas. This decoupling structure acts as a mediator that prevents direct electromagnetic coupling while allowing the antennas to be positioned in close proximity. The decoupling structure enables compact device design by facilitating close antenna placement without suffering from direct signal interference.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If transmit and receive antennas are spaced far apart to minimize direct coupling, then electromagnetic interference is reduced, but device complexity and placement difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
By using different geometries for the transmit and receive antennas, the patent achieves effective decoupling at shorter distances. This asymmetric configuration reduces the required spacing between antennas compared to conventional symmetric designs, thereby simplifying device placement while maintaining low electromagnetic interference levels.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the geometric parameters of the antennas, specifically using different geometries for transmit and receive elements. This parameter change enables effective decoupling at reduced spacing, lowering placement complexity while maintaining interference reduction. The specific geometric parameters are optimized to achieve the desired decoupling effect at compact dimensions.
3Ease of manufacture
If conventional symmetric antenna designs are used, then manufacturing is simplified, but direct electromagnetic coupling between transmit and receive antennas increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent deliberately introduces asymmetry by configuring the transmit antenna with a first geometry and the receive antenna with a second, different geometry. While this deviates from symmetric designs, the asymmetric configuration is implemented using standard manufacturing techniques for printed circuit board antennas, maintaining ease of manufacture while effectively reducing direct electromagnetic coupling between the antenna elements.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the detection capability of analytes by reducing interference and improving specificity, allowing for accurate measurement of analyte presence and concentration without invasive procedures.
Implementation Method 1
transmit a generated transmit signal that is in a radio or microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum into the target
Implementation Method 2
detect a response resulting from transmission of the transmit signal by the transmit antenna into the target
Implementation Method 3
The transmit and receive antennas are decoupled from one another which helps to improve the detection capability of the non-invasive analyte sensor
Data Source
AI summary
A non-invasive analyte sensor includes at least one transmit antenna/element that functions to transmit a transmit signal in a radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum into a target containing an analyte of interest, and at least one receive antenna/element that functions to detect a response resulting from transmission of the transmit signal by the transmit antenna/element into the target. The transmit and receive antennas/elements are decoupled from one another which helps to improve the detection capability of the non-invasive analyte sensor. The decoupling between the transmit and receive antennas is achieved by using at least one intentionally fabricated configuration and/or arrangement therebetween that is sufficient to decouple the transmit antenna and the receive antenna from one another.