Decomposition Mitigation Assembly for Diesel Exhaust Fluid Deposit Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems for diesel engines face issues with incomplete mixing of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) with exhaust flow, leading to DEF deposits along the inner walls of the exhaust system, which are not effectively mitigated by existing technologies.

Innovation Solution

A decomposition mitigation assembly with a decomposition tube elbow featuring an injector port, an injection exhaust flow path divider, and a bypass exhaust flow path divider, which alters the exhaust flow to enhance mixing and prevent deposits by increasing heat transfer to the inner surface, using a unique flow arrangement that includes an injector docking platform and a reductant injector.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If DEF is injected into the exhaust flow using conventional injectors, then NOx emissions are reduced through SCR, but DEF does not properly mix with exhaust flow leading to deposit formation

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveDEF deposit formationVSAvoidDEF mixing efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The exhaust flow path is segmented into multiple zones using divider walls. The injection flow path divider wall and bypass flow path divider wall create separate channels that guide exhaust flow around and through the DEF injection point, ensuring thorough mixing while preventing wall contact. This segmentation of the flow path resolves the contradiction by structurally enforcing proper mixing without requiring complex injector mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The exhaust flow itself acts as an intermediary medium that carries DEF from the injection point throughout the decomposition chamber. By designing the flow paths so that exhaust continuously circulates through the chamber, DEF is naturally dispersed and mixed without requiring additional mechanical mixing devices. This intermediary approach eliminates deposit formation while maintaining simple operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Productivity

If DEF injection rate is increased to improve NOx reduction, then more DEF may puddle along inner walls forming deposits

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveNOx reduction efficiencyVSAvoidDEF deposit formation
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically manages DEF distribution through controlled exhaust flow patterns. The divider walls create a dynamic circulation pattern where exhaust flow continuously moves DEF away from wall surfaces and redistributes it through the chamber. This dynamic flow management allows higher DEF injection rates for improved NOx reduction while preventing the static conditions that lead to puddling and deposit formation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses pneumatic principles by leveraging exhaust gas flow to transport and disperse DEF throughout the decomposition chamber. The designed flow paths ensure that exhaust velocity and pressure dynamically carry DEF droplets away from inner walls, preventing accumulation even at high injection rates. This pneumatic transport mechanism resolves the contradiction between productivity and harmful effects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

3Device complexity

If simple injector design is used, then device complexity is reduced, but DEF mixing with exhaust flow is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveInjector structure complexityVSAvoidDEF mixing efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The solution moves from considering only injector design to incorporating the spatial dimension of the entire decomposition chamber. By designing three-dimensional flow paths with divider walls that create circulation patterns throughout the chamber volume, the system achieves thorough mixing without complex injector internals. This dimensional approach to flow management resolves the contradiction by distributing mixing function across the entire chamber space rather than concentrating complexity in the injector.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The exhaust flow itself performs the mixing function by naturally circulating through the chamber and carrying DEF throughout. The simple injector design injects DEF into the exhaust stream, and the exhaust's own kinetic energy and the chamber's flow path geometry enable self-mixing without additional mechanical components. This self-service approach resolves the contradiction by eliminating complex injector mechanisms while maintaining effective mixing through the exhaust's inherent flow characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively increases the mixing of DEF with exhaust gases and prevents deposits by ensuring complete evaporation of DEF, thereby reducing NOx emissions and maintaining the efficiency of the SCR system.

Implementation Method 1

increasing heat transfer to the inner surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 2

enhance mixing of DEF with exhaust flow

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMixing: Turbulence

Implementation Method 3

ensuring complete evaporation of DEF

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Data Source

PatentEP3985238B1Diesel exhaust fluid deposit mitigation
Publication Date: 2024.08.21 CUMMINS EMISSION SOLUTIONS INC
  • EP3985238B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3985238B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3985238B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The present invention relates to an apparatus comprising an internal combustion engine structured to produce an exhaust flow; an exhaust system structured to receive the exhaust flow; a reductant injector (118) structured to inject reductant into a primary passage (206) of the exhaust system upstream of a catalyst (126); a bypass passage (210) structured to receive a portion of exhaust upstream of the reductant injector and to release the portion of exhaust downstream of the reductant injector; and an injector passage (208) structured to receive a portion of exhaust upstream of the reductant injector and further structured to flow the exhaust into the primary passage (206) around the reductant injector in a manner such that injector tip deposit formation is mitigated, the injector passage (208) and the bypass passage (210) located at opposite sides of a centerline (236) of the primary passage. The invention also relates to a decomposition mitigation assembly comprising said apparatus.