Deflector Deformations for Uniform Cooling in Combustion Chambers
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Solution Overview
Problem
In annular turbomachine combustion chambers with inclined transverse walls, the non-uniform cooling of deflectors due to varying distances between the wall and deflectors leads to uneven heat distribution and premature deterioration, reducing the service life of the chamber.
Innovation Solution
A frustoconical transverse wall with radially guiding deformations, such as grooves, is implemented to force cooling air to flow uniformly around fuel injection systems, ensuring homogeneous cooling across the deflectors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If the transverse wall is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis, then the chamber can accommodate the injection systems with appropriate clearance, but the distance between the wall and deflectors becomes non-uniform, leading to non-homogeneous cooling
Solution Approach 1:
The deflector is equipped with flow-guiding means (such as radially extending baffles or grooves) that create different flow paths in different regions of the deflector. This local structural variation ensures that cooling air is distributed uniformly across the entire deflector surface, compensating for the non-uniform gap caused by the inclined wall configuration.
2Manufacturing precision
If the transverse wall is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, then the distance to deflectors is constant, but the injection systems may not have adequate clearance from the wall
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of changing the global wall orientation, the invention introduces local flow-guiding structures on the deflector surface. These structures (baffles or grooves) are positioned to redirect cooling air flow radially outward, ensuring uniform cooling distribution while maintaining the perpendicular wall configuration that provides adequate clearance for injection systems.
3Temperature
If multiperforation holes are drilled facing the deflectors, then cooling air can reach the deflectors, but without flow guidance the cooling is non-uniform and deflectors deteriorate prematurely
Solution Approach 1:
The flow-guiding means (radial baffles or grooves) are integrated into the deflector structure to locally redirect the cooling air flow. This creates different flow distribution zones that collectively achieve uniform cooling across the entire deflector surface, preventing localized overheating and extending service life.
Solution Approach 2:
The flow-guiding structures act as intermediary elements between the multiperforation holes and the deflector surface. They mediate the cooling air flow, transforming the direct but non-uniform flow from the holes into a uniformly distributed flow pattern across the deflector, thereby protecting the deflector from premature deterioration.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enhances the cooling homogeneity and extends the service life of the combustion chamber by maintaining consistent cooling across the deflectors, preventing premature deterioration.
Implementation Method 1
a plurality of multiperforation holes formed opposite the deflectors around their opening for allow a passage of air intended for the cooling of said baffles
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2~3
Figure 4~6
AI summary
The wall has a set of deflectors (16) forming a heat shield and mounted in each of a set of apertures (12). The deflectors has a circular aperture (17) centered on an axis of symmetry of fluid injection systems (14). Each deflector comprises two deformations (20) forming chicanes for through-flow of a cooling air flow. The deformations force the flow of cooling air for the deflectors to flow radially around the fuel injection systems. The deformations extend radially on both sides of the circular aperture to allow passage of the fuel injection systems.