Deformable Ball Locking Mechanism for Well Service Tools
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing well service systems face challenges in efficiently addressing issues such as stuck bottom hole assemblies and performing tasks like perforation and cutoff within horizontal wells, due to limitations in tool deployment and locking mechanisms.
Innovation Solution
A multi-function well service system comprising a first tool assembly with an annular seat and lock profile, and a second tool assembly with a locking mandrel and work tool, which uses deformable balls and a locking mechanism to securely position and lock various tool assemblies within the work string, enabling efficient deployment and operation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a locking mechanism is used to securely position tool assemblies, then reliability is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex mechanical locking systems with a simpler ball-and-funnel mechanism. Deformable balls are pushed through funnels by fluid pressure to engage with external features on the work string, eliminating the need for complex threaded connections or multiple locking components while maintaining secure positioning
Solution Approach 2:
The locking mechanism utilizes changes in ball diameter through deformation. The balls transition from a deformed state (smaller diameter) to an undeformed state (larger diameter) as fluid pressure is applied, enabling them to pass through the funnel and then lock into position against the work string's external features
2Ease of operation
If deformable balls are used for locking, then ease of operation is improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The funnels are designed with specific geometric characteristics (angle, diameter, length) that concentrate fluid pressure onto localized areas of the balls. This localized pressure application ensures uniform deformation and predictable behavior during the locking operation, reducing variability in manufacturing requirements
Solution Approach 2:
The balls are pre-deformed into a smaller diameter configuration before being introduced into the system. This preliminary deformation allows them to easily pass through the funnel during deployment, and then they return to their original shape to engage the locking features
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple tool assemblies are deployed, then adaptability is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The locking mechanism is designed as a universal system that can accommodate multiple different tool assemblies (perforating guns, cutoff tools, bridge plugs) using the same ball-and-funnel locking approach. The first tool assembly includes an annular seat and lock profile that can interface with various work tools, eliminating the need for different locking mechanisms for each tool type
Solution Approach 2:
The system is divided into modular components: the first tool assembly (containing the locking mechanism), the second tool assembly (containing the work tool), and interchangeable work tools. This segmentation allows different work tools to be deployed and locked using the same fundamental locking system
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system allows for secure and efficient deployment of tool assemblies, enabling effective solutions for stuck tools, perforation, and cutoff operations within horizontal wells, by providing a reliable locking mechanism that withstands high fluid pressures.
Implementation Method 1
a first force is required to move the inner body from the first position to the second position. The first deformable ball has a diameter greater than the minimum inner diameter of the funnel, and is deformable to a diameter less than the minimum inner diameter when a second force is applied to the first deformable ball
Implementation Method 2
The locking mandrel comprises a tubular outer body, an inner body, and a plurality of keys. The tubular outer body has a plurality of slots and a stop shoulder. The plurality of keys are positioned such that they extend from the plurality of slots when the inner body is in the second position
Data Source
AI summary
A system for placing a tool in a production string. The system uses a tubular connection location, like a no-go landing nipple, and a second tool driven by deformable balls. The second tool will be a work tool and may be a jar, perforation tool or other well service tool. The work tool will have a locking mandrel associated with it, and the locking mandrel will utilize a funnel, sized to seat a deformable ball. A number of different deformable balls having different characteristics may be used. Some balls may push the entire second tool to a location within the no-go landing nipple, while others may be utilized to extend locking keys from slots to lock the second tool in place. Balls may, at high pressure, be deformed such that they can pass through the funnel, allowing fluid pressure to be utilized for other tasks within the tool.