Deformable Core Composites for Deep Penetration Lost Circulation Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing well treatment methods face challenges in forming effective barriers to prevent the loss of circulation fluids into highly permeable zones during drilling, cementing, and workover operations, as conventional lost circulation materials (LCMs) like cements are ineffective in penetrating deep channels and setting quickly, leading to increased costs and potential formation damage.

Innovation Solution

A well treatment composition featuring a deformable core particulate coated with viscosifying agents, which upon exposure to environmental conditions, increases viscosity and forms a plug or barrier in the wellbore or formation, effectively reducing fluid loss by agglomerating and creating a fluid-impermeable barrier in targeted areas.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If cements are used as lost circulation materials, then the barrier formation is improved, but the penetration depth into low flow rate channels is limited to a few centimeters

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebarrier formationVSAvoidpenetration depth
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLength of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The lost circulation material is divided into multiple size fractions (e.g., 20-40 mesh, 40-60 mesh, 60-80 mesh particles). These segmented particles work cooperatively: larger particles bridge at the entrance while smaller particles penetrate deeper into channels, collectively achieving both barrier formation and deep penetration that neither fraction could accomplish alone.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the particle size parameter by using a distribution of sizes rather than a single size. This parameter change allows the LCM composition to adapt to different channel sizes and flow conditions, enabling penetration to depths of several feet while maintaining effective barrier formation through the combined action of various size fractions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Duration of action of moving object

If cements are used in high flow rate channels, then the set time prevents stoppage of loss of circulation, but the barrier plug effectiveness is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveset timeVSAvoidloss of circulation stoppage
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The LCM composition performs preliminary action by rapidly accumulating and plugging high flow rate channels before the cement sets. The non-cement LCM particles bridge and block the channels during the pumping phase, preventing loss of circulation to occur in the first place, rather than relying on cement to set and plug after damage has occurred.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses disposable, non-cement LCM particles that perform their plugging function quickly and then remain as permanent mechanical barriers. These particles are sacrificed to plug the channels, eliminating the need for cement setting time and providing immediate loss of circulation control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Adaptability or versatility

If multiple components (core particulate, viscosifying agent, crosslinking agent) are shipped separately, then the formulation flexibility is improved, but the platform space and operational complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveformulation flexibilityVSAvoidplatform space and operation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple components (core particulate, viscosifying agent, and crosslinking agent) into a single pre-coated composite particle. This consolidation eliminates the need for separate storage and handling of multiple components on the platform, reducing space and operational complexity while maintaining the ability to achieve gelation through the integrated design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The coated core particulate serves multiple functions simultaneously: the core provides the structural LCM element, the coating provides viscosification, and the crosslinking agent provides gelation. This multi-functional design eliminates the need for separate additives and simplifies the overall system while maintaining formulation effectiveness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The composition allows for deeper penetration and more effective plugging of fluid losses, reducing operational costs and minimizing formation damage by forming a robust, impermeable barrier that reduces fluid influx into the formation, enabling safer and more efficient well treatment operations.

Implementation Method 1

the viscosifying agent (and optionally crosslinking agent, crosslinking delaying agent and other additives) disassociate from the deformable core. The viscosity of the well treatment fluid increases after the fluid is introduced into the wellbore and after the viscosifying agent begins to disassociate from the deformable core

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGellation: Gel

Implementation Method 2

In those instances where crosslinking of the viscosifying agent is desirable, the crosslinking agent and, optionally, a crosslinking delaying agent, may also be coated (as a hardened mass) onto the deformable core

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCrosslinking: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 3

Agglomeration of the deformable core particulates downhole forms a barrier or highly viscous plug in the targeted area of the subterranean formation and/or wellbore

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAgglomeration: Aggregated Diamond Nanorod

Data Source

PatentUS9637675B2Use of composites having deformable core and viscosifying agent coated thereon in well treatment operations
Publication Date: 2017.05.02 BAKER HUGHES CO

AI summary

Loss of wellbore fluids (such as drilling fluids, completion fluids and workover fluids) into the flow passages of a subterranean formation may be reduced or eliminated by introducing into the wellbore in communication with the formation a composition containing a composite of a deformable core having a hardened coating which contains a viscosifying agent and, optionally, a crosslinking agent. The viscosity of the composition increases in-situ as the viscosifying agent, and optional crosslinking agent, disassociate from the deformable core and react. A fluid-impermeable barrier is thereby formed. The composites may also be used in spacers, well cements, workover and completion fluids as their need arises.