Deicing Skin with Localized Thickness Variations

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current de-icing solutions for aircraft components, such as leading edges, are inefficient due to high power requirements, material compatibility issues, short lifespan, maintenance needs, and aerodynamic degradation.

Innovation Solution

A de-icing element with a skin that undergoes predetermined vibration modes, featuring localized thickness variations to standardize ice deformation and increase energy transfer, using an excitation actuator like an electromagnetic or piezoelectric actuator to induce vibrations, shocks, or force pulses, enhancing energy restitution and distribution for effective ice removal.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If heating is used to defrost the leading edge, then ice removal is effective, but power consumption is high and material temperature compatibility is compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveice removal effectivenessVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies mechanical vibration through an excitation actuator that induces predetermined vibration modes in the skin, generating deformations with antinodes and nodes that mechanically disrupt ice deposits without requiring high power consumption thermal heating

Inventive Principle:
Principle #18Mechanical vibration

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the physical state of the skin by inducing dynamic deformations and vibrations, transforming the ice removal mechanism from thermal heating to mechanical disruption, thereby reducing power consumption while maintaining effectiveness

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If thermal heating is applied to defrost, then ice blocks are melted, but temperatures become incompatible with certain materials

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveice removal effectivenessVSAvoidmaterial temperature compatibility
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the thermal heating system with a mechanical vibration system, using an excitation actuator to generate deformations that mechanically disrupt ice without raising temperatures, thus protecting temperature-sensitive materials

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Reliability

If a de-icing boot with inflated membrane is used, then ice blocks are broken up, but the system becomes bulky and requires pressurized air

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveice breaking capabilityVSAvoidsystem bulkiness
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the essential function of ice disruption from the bulky de-icing boot system, using a thin skin with localized thickness variations and an excitation actuator to achieve the same ice-breaking effect without the need for pressurized air and inflated membranes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses a thin skin structure with localized thickness variations instead of a bulky inflated membrane, achieving flexibility and ice disruption capability through minimal material while reducing system bulkiness

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

4Reliability

If electromagnetic actuators apply shocks to dislodge ice, then ice removal occurs, but significant power and maintenance are required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveice dislodging capabilityVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses mechanical vibration through controlled deformations of the skin rather than high-power electromagnetic shocks, reducing energy consumption while maintaining ice dislodging capability through resonant vibration modes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #18Mechanical vibration

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs periodic vibration modes that resonate with the skin's natural frequency, allowing cumulative ice disruption over time without requiring the high peak power of electromagnetic shock actuators

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively defrosts surfaces with low mechanical stress and electrical consumption, improving energy transfer and ice removal efficiency while maintaining aerodynamic integrity.

Implementation Method 1

the excitation actuator being configured to excite the skin according to at least one predetermined vibration mode generating a deformation of the skin

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVibration: Vibration

Implementation Method 2

the predetermined vibration mode(s) correspond to skin resonance modes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectResonance: Resonance

Implementation Method 3

This uniformity of the skin's curvature prevents stress localization within the ice and induces a wider area of mechanical stress. This results in an increase in the stored elastic energy available for defrosting the surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElasticity: Elasticity

Implementation Method 4

the de-icing element comprises at least one thermal band arranged on the skin at at least one node of the predetermined vibration mode(s), said thermal band being configured to generate heat capable of de-icing the surface to be de-iced

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeating: Heating

Data Source

PatentEP4279388A1Deicing element capable of being exposed to frost
Publication Date: 2023.11.22 AIRBUS OPERATIONS (SAS)
  • EP4279388A1 patent drawingFigure 1~4
  • EP4279388A1 patent drawingFigure 5~6
  • EP4279388A1 patent drawingFigure 7~8

AI summary

- De-icing element likely to be exposed to frost. - The de-icing element (1) comprises a skin (2) having a surface to be de-iced (3), it also comprises at least one excitation actuator (5) fixed on the skin (2), the excitation actuator (5) being configured to excite the skin (2) according to at least one predetermined vibration mode generating a deformation of the skin (2), the deformation of the skin (2) comprising at least one antinode and one node, the skin (2) having a characteristic thickness (E) generally constant with, locally, at least one variation in thickness (9) which is localized according to the predetermined vibration mode(s).