Ionic Plastic Crystal Solid Electrolytes Tuned for Conductivity
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Solution Overview
Problem
The conduction mechanisms and relationships between cations and anions in ionic plastic crystals are not well understood, making it difficult to predict whether they will form ionic melts or plastic crystals at specific temperatures, and there is a need for new solid-state electrolytes that overcome the limitations of conventional materials.
Innovation Solution
Development of ionic plastic crystals comprising delocalized anions paired with guanidine, amidine, or phosphazene organic superbase-derived cations, optionally with inorganic particles and polymers, to create compositions suitable for electrochemical applications.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional solid-state electrolyte materials are used, then the device structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the ionic conductivity is low and the material lacks flexibility
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs composite materials by combining organic superbase-derived cations with delocalized anions to create ionic plastic crystals. This composite approach enables the material to simultaneously achieve high ionic conductivity (exceeding 10^-3 S/cm at room temperature) and plastic crystal characteristics, resolving the contradiction between conductivity and material complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes parameter changes by selecting specific cations with appropriate molecular structures and sizes, and pairing them with delocalized anions. This parameter optimization allows the formation of plastic crystal phases with high ionic mobility, achieving both high conductivity and the desired material properties without excessive complexity.
2Reliability
If new ionic plastic crystal compositions are developed, then the ionic conductivity and flexibility are improved, but the understanding of conduction mechanisms is insufficient making prediction difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent systematically varies cation parameters (molecular structure, size, functional groups) and anion parameters (delocalization extent, size) to establish structure-conductivity relationships. By controlling these parameters, the patent achieves predictable high ionic conductivity while maintaining plastic crystal behavior, gradually building understanding of conduction mechanisms.
3Temperature
If ionic plastic crystals are used in electrochemical applications, then the thermal stability and safety are improved, but the prediction of phase formation at specific temperatures is difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent controls the molecular parameters of cations and anions to tune the melting points and phase transition temperatures. By adjusting cation chain length, functional groups, and anion delocalization, the patent achieves thermal stability suitable for electrochemical applications while establishing guidelines for predicting phase formation temperatures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The ionic plastic crystals exhibit high ionic conductivity, flexibility, and thermal stability, offering improved performance in electrochemical cells, supercapacitors, and all-solid-state batteries.
Implementation Method 1
exceptional ionic conductivity
Data Source
AI summary
The present technology relates to an ionic plastic crystal comprising at least one delocalized anion paired with at least one an organic guanidine, amidine or phosphazene organic superbase-derived cation for use in electrochemical applications, particularly in electrochemical accumulators such as batteries, electrochromic devices, and supercapacitors. The present technology also relates to an ionic plastic crystal composition, an ionic plastic crystal-based solid electrolyte composition, an ionic plastic crystal-based solid electrolyte, an electrode material comprising the ionic plastic crystal or the ionic plastic crystal composition. Their uses in electrochemical cells and electrochemical accumulators as well as their processes of manufacturing and an NHO-stabilized intermediary ion-neutral complex are also described.