Deployable Combustion Air Intake for Truck Ram Pressure Gain

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional combustion air intake systems for trucks, tractors, and buses experience pressure drops due to frictional forces, reducing static pressure and limiting engine efficiency, while parallel inlet configurations prevent particulate and precipitation ingestion but may not optimize for dynamic conditions.

Innovation Solution

A selectively deployable air deflecting element controlled by a controller and actuator, responsive to vehicle parameters and environmental conditions, to enhance static air pressure and prevent particulate and precipitation ingestion.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If passive air intake systems are used, then device complexity is reduced, but combustion air intake is insufficient and relies on random air pockets

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecombustion air intakeVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The air intake system uses the vehicle's own motion to drive air intake through the motion-coupled mechanism, eliminating the need for external power sources or complex active control systems. The rack and pinion gear automatically convert vehicle movement into rack movement, which opens and closes the air intake flaps without requiring additional energy input.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The air intake system transitions from a static passive design to a dynamic active design where the air intake flaps are continuously adjusted based on vehicle motion. The motion-coupled mechanism allows the system to adapt automatically to changing driving conditions, optimizing air intake at different speeds and loads without complex electronic controls.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Quantity of substance

If air intake flaps are added to increase combustion air, then combustion air intake is improved, but device complexity and weight increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecombustion air intakeVSAvoidsystem weight
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system utilizes the vehicle's existing kinetic energy and motion to operate the air intake flaps, eliminating the need for electric motors, actuators, or other power-consuming components that would add weight. The mechanical coupling directly translates vehicle movement into flap operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The rack and pinion gear mechanism serves multiple functions: it converts vehicle motion into rack movement, transmits this movement to the air intake flaps, and provides the mechanical force needed to open and close the flaps. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate components, thereby reducing overall system weight.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Productivity

If motion-coupled rack and pinion gear is used, then air intake is optimized at all driving speeds, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveair intake optimizationVSAvoidmechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The motion-coupled rack and pinion gear creates a dynamic system that automatically adapts air intake to varying driving conditions. As vehicle speed and load change, the rack's position and movement characteristics change accordingly, naturally optimizing air intake for each operating condition without requiring sensors or electronic control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The air intake system is divided into multiple independently controllable flaps (first air intake flap and second air intake flap), each controlled by its own rack. This segmentation allows different portions of the air intake to be optimized for different functions, while the overall system remains mechanically simple and easy to understand.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

4Quantity of substance

If first and second air intake flaps are used, then combustion air supply is improved, but device complexity and manufacturing cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecombustion air supplyVSAvoidmanufacturing simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

Both the first and second air intake flaps use identical rack and pinion gear mechanisms, creating a universal design that can be manufactured using the same processes and components. This modularity simplifies manufacturing by allowing mass production of standardized parts that can be assembled in different configurations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The air intake system is segmented into two independent flap-rack assemblies, each functioning as a complete unit. This segmentation allows for simplified manufacturing of individual modules that can be produced separately and then assembled together, reducing overall manufacturing complexity and enabling parallel production.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Improves engine volumetric efficiency, reduces aerodynamic drag, and ensures consistent combustion air flow, enhancing fuel economy and reducing engine damage risks.

Implementation Method 1

a motion-coupled rack and pinion gear, and a linkage to a first air intake flap and a second air intake flap

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical coupling through rack and pinion gear: Gear

Implementation Method 2

first and second air intake flaps that are mechanically coupled to the rack so that movement of the rack opens and closes the first and second air intake flaps

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluid flow regulation: Valve

Data Source

PatentEP3386790B1Active combustion air intake system for truck, tractor, or bus vehicle
Publication Date: 2026.04.08 VOLVO TRUCK CORP
  • EP3386790B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3386790B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3386790B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A combustion air intake apparatus for a truck, tractor, or bus vehicle for highway use includes an air deflecting element that is selectively deployable to cause dynamic air pressure created by vehicle motion to increase static air, pressure within the intake apparatus under appropriate conditions. Deployment or retraction of the air deflecting element is responsive to at least one of forward speed of the vehicle, air pressure downstream of an air inlet opening, or throttle position, and may further be responsive to detection of precipitation and/or particulate material. An air deflecting element may include a moveable plate or flap, moveable louvers, or a moveable duct.