Depolymerized Lignin Antioxidant for Biodiesel Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Biodiesel is sensitive to oxidation due to its composition of fatty acid methyl esters, requiring antioxidants, but existing commercial antioxidants are often derived from fossil materials, necessitating a biobased alternative.

Innovation Solution

Depolymerizing lignin to create a stabilization agent with a weight average molecular weight between 360 g/mol and 5000 g/mol, reducing its TEAC value by up to 50% to enhance its antioxidant capacity and solubility in biodiesel, thereby forming a biobased stabilization agent.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If commercial antioxidants are used in biodiesel, then oxidation stability is improved, but the biobased content is reduced due to fossil material origin

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoxidation stabilityVSAvoidbiobased content
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the molecular weight parameter of lignin through controlled depolymerization, reducing it from high molecular weight (insoluble) to low molecular weight (360-5000 g/mol, soluble). This parameter change enables the lignin to function as an effective antioxidant in biodiesel while maintaining 100% biobased content, resolving the contradiction between oxidation stability and biobased content

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses lignin, a waste byproduct from paper and pulp industries, as the antioxidant source. By converting this low-value waste material into a high-value antioxidant through depolymerization, the invention achieves both cost-effectiveness and 100% biobased content while improving oxidation stability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

2Adaptability or versatility

If high molecular weight lignin is used, then biobased content is maintained, but solubility and antioxidant capacity in biodiesel are reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebiobased contentVSAvoidantioxidant capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter change by controlling the molecular weight of lignin through depolymerization conditions (temperature, time, catalyst). By optimizing these parameters, the lignin molecular weight is reduced to 360-5000 g/mol, which simultaneously improves solubility in biodiesel and enhances antioxidant capacity while maintaining 100% biobased content

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the high molecular weight lignin polymer chains into smaller oligomeric units through depolymerization. This segmentation increases the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups available per unit mass and improves solubility, enabling the lignin to effectively scavenge free radicals in biodiesel while maintaining biobased content

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The depolymerized lignin effectively increases the antioxidant potential, allowing it to inhibit oxidation in biodiesel compositions, enabling the production of a fully biobased biodiesel with reduced CO2 emissions and improved stability.

Implementation Method 1

subjecting the lignin to a depolymerization process to obtain depolymerized lignin having a weight average molecular weight of at least 360 g/mol and at most 5000 g/mol

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDepolymerization: Decomposition (biological)

Implementation Method 2

Biodiesel is sensitive to oxidation reactions... the TEAC value of the depolymerized lignin is at most 50 % of the TEAC value of a corresponding lignin before having been depolymerized

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation: Oxidation

Data Source

PatentEP3874013B1Biodiesel composition
Publication Date: 2024.02.28 UPM KYMMENE OYJ

AI summary

A biodiesel composition comprising a stabilization agent is disclosed. The stabilization agent comprises depolymerized lignin having a weight average molecular weight of at least 360 g/mol and at most 5000 g/mol, and the TEAC value of the depolymerized lignin is at most 50 % of the TEAC value of a corresponding lignin bfore having been depolymerized, and wherein the weight average molecular weight of the depolymerized lignin is at most 60 % of the weight average molecular weight of the corresponding lignin.