Depth-Controlled Hot-Rolled Steel Sheet for Strength and Bendability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing high-strength steel sheets with a martensite single phase have poor bendability, as evidenced by the insufficient performance of steel sheets described in Patent Documents 1 and 2.

Innovation Solution

A hot-rolled steel sheet with a specific chemical composition and controlled microstructure, including a total area ratio of martensite and tempered martensite at 90% or more at ¼ the sheet thickness and 70% to 90% at 200 μm from the surface, along with controlled finish rolling and cooling conditions, to achieve high strength and excellent bendability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If a martensite single phase microstructure is used to increase steel sheet strength, then collision safety is improved, but bendability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesteel sheet strengthVSAvoidbendability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by creating different microstructure compositions at different depths from the surface. The surface region (0-200μm) contains 3-15% non-martensitic phases to improve bendability, while the core region maintains 90-100% martensite for high strength. This spatial variation in microstructure composition resolves the contradiction between overall strength and surface bendability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the steel sheet microstructure into distinct regions based on depth from the surface: a surface region (0-200μm) with modified phase composition for bendability, and a core region (>200μm) with martensite single phase for strength. This segmentation allows each region to optimize for its specific functional requirement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Strength

If the volume ratio of martensite phase is increased to 90% or more, then strength is improved, but ductility deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesteel sheet strengthVSAvoidductility
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces local quality variations by controlling the depth-dependent distribution of martensite and non-martensitic phases. The surface region contains 3-15% non-martensitic phases (ferrite, bainite, or pearlite) to provide ductility and bendability, while the core region maintains 90-100% martensite for strength, resolving the contradiction between strength and ductility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Reliability

If the average grain size of prior austenite grains is reduced to improve toughness, then low temperature toughness is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelow temperature toughnessVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the average grain size of prior austenite grains to 20μm or less, with the aspect ratio controlled to 18 or less. This parameter control achieves improved low temperature toughness while maintaining manufacturability through defined rolling and cooling process parameters.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The proposed steel sheet achieves high strength and improved bendability, with a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more and a favorable R/t ratio of 1.5 or less, enhancing its suitability for automotive applications.

Implementation Method 1

a microstructure contains, in area ratio, at a location at 1/4 a sheet thickness, a total amount of 90% or more of one or more of martensite and tempered martensite

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMartensitic transformation: Phase Change

Data Source

PatentUS12442062B2Hot-rolled steel sheet
Publication Date: 2025.10.14 NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION

AI summary

In a hot-rolled steel sheet, a microstructure contains, in area ratio, at a location at ¼ a sheet thickness, a total amount of 90% or more of one or more of martensite and tempered martensite and a total amount of 10% or less of one or more of ferrite, bainite, and pearlite, at a location of 200 μm from the surface, a total amount of 70% or more and less than 90% of one or more of martensite and tempered martensite and a total amount of more than 10% and 30% or less of one or more of ferrite, bainite, and pearlite.