DESI Ion Source Control for Stable Mass Spectrometry Imaging

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Solution Overview

Problem

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging systems, such as those using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), suffer from instability and variability, requiring complex optimization procedures, which hinders their routine deployment in diagnostic settings like histopathology laboratories.

Innovation Solution

A control system is implemented to automatically adjust the parameters of the ion source, such as the spray spot size and shape, by varying mechanical and operational parameters like flow rate and pressure, to maintain desired spatial properties of the spray of charged droplets, ensuring consistent imaging quality.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If ambient ionisation mass spectrometry imaging systems are used for direct analysis of surfaces, then sample preparation time is reduced and analysis speed is improved, but system stability deteriorates and variability increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveanalysis speedVSAvoidsystem stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback control by monitoring spray characteristics (such as spray spot size, intensity, or position) and automatically adjusting ion source parameters (such as spray pressure, flow rate, or voltage) to maintain consistent imaging quality. This closed-loop control system compensates for environmental variations and drift, thereby improving system stability without sacrificing the rapid analysis capability of ambient ionisation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Measurement precision

If manual optimisation procedures are implemented to improve imaging quality, then data quality is enhanced, but device complexity and ease of operation worsen

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimaging qualityVSAvoidoptimisation procedure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs self-optimisation by automatically adjusting its own parameters based on real-time monitoring of spray characteristics and imaging quality metrics. The control system autonomously identifies optimal settings without requiring user intervention or complex manual optimisation procedures, thereby maintaining high imaging quality while simplifying operation for the end user.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements preliminary optimisation through automated calibration routines that establish optimal parameters before actual imaging begins. The system pre-configures spray conditions, voltage settings, and other critical parameters based on stored profiles or initial characterisation data, eliminating the need for complex manual optimisation during routine operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Reliability

If automated control systems are added to maintain spray properties, then system stability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespray stabilityVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces complex mechanical adjustment mechanisms with electronic control systems that use software algorithms to manage spray stability. Instead of requiring multiple mechanical components for manual adjustment, the system uses electronic sensors and computer-controlled actuators that can be programmed and calibrated through software, reducing mechanical complexity while maintaining or improving control precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances data quality and stability, allowing for automated optimization of imaging systems, facilitating their use in diagnostic applications by reducing variability and the need for complex user input.

Implementation Method 1

desorption electrospray ionization ('DESI') ion source which generates a spray of charged droplets

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrospray: Electrohydrodynamics

Implementation Method 2

The impact of the charged droplets on the surface produces gaseous ions of material originally present on the surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDesorption: Desorption

Implementation Method 3

The impact of the charged droplets on the surface produces gaseous ions of material originally present on the surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIonization: Ionisation

Data Source

PatentEP3465733B1Mass spectrometry imaging
Publication Date: 2024.05.15 MICROMASS UK LTD
  • EP3465733B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3465733B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3465733B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

There is provided an apparatus comprising a first ion source (10) arranged and adapted to emit a spray of charged droplets (11), and a control system arranged and adapted to control one or more spatial properties of said spray of charged droplets (11) in use by automatically varying or adjusting one or more parameters of said first ion source.