DHPP Electrochromes via Suzuki Coupling
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for creating π-expanded DHPPs are limited by modest reaction yields and a narrow scope of coupling partners, and existing high-contrast anodically coloring electrochromes are restricted to discrete molecules that are not easily processed in solutions.
Innovation Solution
The development of DHPP-based chromophores and electrochromes using Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, which allows for the synthesis of high-contrast, solution-processable anodically coloring electrochromes with tunable optical properties by altering peripheral or end groups attached to the DHPP scaffold.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If intramolecular coupling reactions are used to create π-expanded DHPPs, then chromophores can be formed, but reaction yields are modest and the scope of coupling partners is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the synthesis into two distinct stages: first forming the DHPP core structure, then performing cross-coupling reactions to expand the π-system. This segmentation allows optimization of each step independently, improving overall yield and expanding coupling partner scope.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses boronic acid derivatives as intermediary coupling partners that can be easily synthesized and paired with various DHPP derivatives. These intermediaries enable a wide range of coupling reactions with high yields, expanding the versatility of the synthesis approach.
2Reliability
If discrete molecules are used for high-contrast anodically coloring electrochromes, then color contrast is high, but the molecules are not easily amenable to solution processing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates composite materials by combining DHPP chromophores with polymer matrices or incorporating them into film structures. This allows the electrochromic molecules to be processed from solution while maintaining their high color contrast properties in the final device.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent develops thin film structures that incorporate the electrochromic molecules, allowing solution processing while maintaining the optical properties needed for high contrast. The film format enables practical device fabrication from solution-based techniques.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables the creation of high-contrast electrochromes with controlled color properties, suitable for various optoelectronic applications, by leveraging the synthetic simplicity and structural diversity of DHPPs.
Implementation Method 1
The development of DHPP-based chromophores and electrochromes using Suzuki cross-coupling reactions
Implementation Method 2
Colors of electrochromes described herein are capable of being selected, tuned, controlled, and then like. The present disclosure relates to color-controlled, high-contrast electrochromes. Color of electrochromes may additionally be controlled by subjecting such electrochromes to oxidizing or reducing environments.
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to a variety of DHPP-based electrochromes. Such electrochromes include a DHPP scaffold with a variety of end groups coupled to the periphery of the scaffold. Such end groups can be substituted for other end groups if desired. End groups include groups of various electron-donating characters. DHPP-based electrochromes are useful as anodically coloring electrochromes capable of being incorporated into a variety of optoelectronic applications.