Distributed Hash Table Node Grouping for P2P Multicast Load Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
In peer-to-peer information communication systems, transmitting information to multiple nodes increases communication traffic and load on terminal devices, and existing methods require routers or management servers to handle multicasting, leading to system complexity and increased load on transmitting nodes.
Innovation Solution
A system where one node device determines and transmits main information to representative nodes within predetermined groups, eliminating the need for routers or management servers by using a distributed hash table to manage node IDs and routing tables, allowing efficient information dissemination without requiring IP addresses of all nodes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If a terminal device transmits information to multiple terminal devices by producing copies, then the information can be delivered to all destinations, but the communication traffic and load on the transmitting terminal device increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces routers as intermediary devices that perform the copying and redistribution of information. Instead of the terminal device directly copying information to multiple destinations, the terminal device sends information to a router, which then intelligently distributes it to multiple terminal devices. This mediator approach transfers the copying load from terminal devices to routers, reducing energy consumption and load on transmitting terminals while maintaining delivery capability.
2Loss of energy
If IP multicast with routers is used to reduce terminal device load, then transmitting terminal device load is reduced, but all routers on the communication route must support the IP multicast function which increases system complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by allowing routers to selectively support multicast functionality only when needed, rather than requiring all routers to universally support IP multicast. The system dynamically determines which routers participate in multicast routing based on the specific communication requirements, reducing system complexity while still achieving load reduction for transmitting terminal devices.
3Productivity
If a management server is provided for each group to transmit information, then information can be transmitted to all terminal devices in the group, but the management server bears significant load and increases system complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the multicast routing functionality from centralized management servers and distributes it to individual routers. Instead of relying on management servers to handle all multicast operations, the system enables routers themselves to perform multicast routing decisions locally. This extraction reduces the load on management servers and eliminates the need for complex server-based group management while maintaining information transmission capability.
4Device complexity
If peer to peer communication is used, then system complexity is reduced by eliminating routers and management servers, but the transmitting terminal device must produce copies which increases its load
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the multicast functionality into two distinct parts: terminal devices handle information generation and initial transmission, while routers handle copying and distribution. This segmentation allows the system to maintain the simplicity of peer-to-peer architecture (no management servers needed) while offloading the copying load to routers, thus reducing energy consumption and load on transmitting terminal devices without increasing overall system complexity.
Data Source
AI summary
There is provided an information communication system or the like that reduces load to a node device or the like for transmitting information when information is transmitted to a plurality of node devices. In an information communication system formed by participation of a plurality of node devices, mutually connected through a communication route, a node device X determines representing node devices included in each of groups divided into a plurality of (four) groups in accordance with a predetermined rule (for example, DHT), transmits main information to node devices A, B, and C thus determined, and in a case where destination of main information received from another node device is the group the node device X belongs to, transmits the main information thus received to a node device representing a group, to which the node device X belongs.