Dialysis System Multi-Heater Power Coordination

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Solution Overview

Problem

Home dialysis systems face challenges with high energy demands during therapy, exceeding the power capacity of standard home electrical systems, necessitating potential upgrades to handle both dialysate preparation and delivery.

Innovation Solution

A medical fluid system with a supplemental power supply, connected in parallel with the patient's line power, to manage peak energy demands during therapy and recharge during off-peak hours, using various power sources like batteries or ultracapacitors, and optimizing heater duty cycles to minimize total power draw.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If a home dialysis system performs both dialysate preparation and delivery with heating functions, then the therapy functionality is complete and effective, but the instantaneous power draw exceeds the capacity of standard home electrical branches

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetherapy functionalityVSAvoidinstantaneous power draw
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The heating functions are segmented into two separate heating elements (first heater for dialysate preparation, second heater for dialysate delivery) that are controlled independently. The system divides the thermal processing tasks across different time periods, with each heater operating during specific intervals rather than simultaneously, thereby reducing peak power demand while maintaining complete therapy functionality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system employs periodic heating cycles where the first heater operates during initial periods for dialysate preparation, then shuts down while the second heater activates for dialysate delivery heating. This periodic alternation of heating functions ensures that thermal processing is distributed over time rather than concentrated in a single peak demand period, allowing the system to deliver complete therapy without exceeding electrical branch capacity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

2Temperature

If both heaters operate simultaneously to meet thermal demands, then heating requirements are satisfied, but the total power draw exceeds the branch circuit rating

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheating requirementsVSAvoidtotal power draw
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The control system implements periodic heating cycles that alternate between the first heater and second heater based on operational phase. During dialysate preparation, the first heater operates while the second remains off; during dialysate delivery, the second heater operates while the first is shut down. This temporal separation ensures that heating requirements are met at each stage without both heaters drawing power simultaneously, keeping total power draw within branch circuit ratings

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically adjusts heater operation based on real-time operational demands. The controller monitors the operational phase and actively switches between heaters, optimizing thermal delivery while preventing simultaneous operation. This dynamic control allows the system to adapt heating capacity to actual needs at each moment, satisfying temperature requirements without exceeding power limits

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Power

If the system waits for the first heater to complete before starting the second heater, then power draw is minimized, but the total heating time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower drawVSAvoidtotal heating time
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses periodic heating cycles where each heater operates at full capacity during its designated time window. The first heater runs intensively during dialysate preparation, then shuts down completely while the second heater activates for dialysate delivery heating. This periodic full-power operation eliminates the need for simultaneous low-power operation, maintaining efficient heating rates while preventing power draw from exceeding branch circuit capacity through temporal sequencing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables the use of home dialysis systems without upgrading the patient's electrical system, ensuring reliable operation and efficient energy management by distributing power effectively between branch and supplemental sources, reducing the risk of exceeding peak current ratings.

Implementation Method 1

The supplemental power source can be one of several different types, each of which offers different benefits and drawbacks. In one embodiment, the supplemental power source is an electrochemical battery or batteries

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBattery (electricity): Battery (electricity)

Implementation Method 2

The supplemental power source can alternatively be one or more capacitor, such as an ultracapacitor (sometimes called a supercapacitor)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 3

The dialysis delivery and water purification systems require significant amounts of energy to run heaters

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Data Source

PatentEP3488883B1Dialysis system including multi-heater power coordination
Publication Date: 2020.07.22 BAXTER INT INC
  • EP3488883B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3488883B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3488883B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

A dialysis system (10a, 10b) is described. The system comprises: a first fluid heater; a second fluid heater; a main power source for powering the system; a supplemental power source (14); and a logic implementer (32, 50). The logic implementer is configured to use the supplemental power source such that when the first and second heaters are powered simultaneously, a collective current draw does not exceed a maximum allowable current draw of the main power source.