Dialysis Sodium Balance Control for Blood Pressure Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
During hemodialysis, the rapid removal of liquid from the blood can lead to a decrease in blood pressure, potentially causing critical drops. Current methods to counteract this, such as increasing the salt concentration in the dialysis liquid, result in increased thirst and overhydration, complicating subsequent dialysis sessions.
Innovation Solution
A method for determining a treatment regimen that adjusts diffusive sodium balance parameters over multiple dialysis sessions, aiming to achieve a diffusive total target sodium balance. This involves measuring and managing the sodium transfer between the blood and dialysis liquid to stabilize blood pressure without inducing excessive thirst or overhydration.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Stress or pressure
If the salt concentration in the dialysis liquid is increased to counteract blood pressure decrease, then blood pressure stability is improved, but patient thirst and overhydration increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by making the dialysis liquid sodium concentration variable rather than constant. The control device adjusts the sodium concentration in real-time based on monitored blood pressure values, allowing the system to adapt to changing patient conditions during dialysis treatment.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements feedback control by continuously monitoring blood pressure during dialysis and using this information to adjust the dialysis liquid sodium concentration. The control device receives blood pressure values from sensors and automatically modifies the sodium concentration to maintain blood pressure within a target range, preventing both hypotension and excessive thirst.
2Quantity of substance
If liquid is rapidly removed from the blood during dialysis, then overhydration is reduced, but blood pressure decreases critically
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the sodium concentration parameter of the dialysis liquid to compensate for blood pressure drops caused by rapid liquid removal. When blood pressure decreases, the system increases sodium concentration in the dialysis liquid to restore osmotic balance and maintain blood pressure during continued ultrafiltration.
3Stress or pressure
If the sodium concentration in dialysis liquid is adjusted to stabilize blood pressure, then blood pressure control is improved, but sodium balance management becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies self-service by implementing an automated control system that independently manages sodium concentration adjustments. The control device automatically monitors blood pressure, calculates appropriate sodium concentration changes, and adjusts the dialysis liquid composition without requiring manual intervention, thereby simplifying operational complexity despite the advanced control logic.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method effectively stabilizes blood pressure during dialysis by gradually adjusting sodium balance, reducing the risk of critical blood pressure drops and minimizing post-dialysis thirst and overhydration, thereby improving patient outcomes.
Implementation Method 1
mass transfer with the blood and a liquid removal from blood take place in the dialyzer
Implementation Method 2
Both chambers are separated from each other by a semi-permeable membrane
Data Source
AI summary
A method for determining a treatment regimen for altering the treatment parameters when dialyzing a patient over a plurality of treatment sessions taking place on future days includes determining a diffusive total target sodium balance; and determining a transitional treatment regimen by which the diffusive total target sodium balance is achieved over the plurality of future treatment sessions. A control device or closed-loop control device is configured to control a blood treatment apparatus using the method.