Dialyzer With Nitric Oxide Dialysate To Suppress Platelet Aggregation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Blood dialysis therapy causes inflammation and weakened immunity in patients due to the activation of neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets when their blood comes into contact with foreign material surfaces, leading to potential disease complications.
Innovation Solution
A dialyzer that includes a dialysate containing nitric oxide (NO) and/or nitrite ions at specific concentrations (0.5 to 10 μM for NO and 40 to 120 μM for NO2−), which are either directly added or released from materials within the dialyzer, to suppress platelet aggregation and adhesion, thereby reducing side effects.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional dialysis membranes and blood circuits are used, then dialysis treatment can be performed, but platelet activation and aggregation occur causing inflammation and weakened immunity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a nitric oxide release-promoting agent as an intermediary substance that mediates between the foreign material surfaces (dialysis membrane and blood circuit) and the patient's blood. This agent releases nitric oxide to suppress platelet activation and aggregation, thereby reducing inflammation and immune suppression while maintaining the necessary dialysis treatment function.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical environment by introducing a nitric oxide release-promoting agent that alters the concentration of nitric oxide at the material-blood interface. This parameter change (increasing nitric oxide concentration) suppresses platelet activation and aggregation, thereby reducing harmful inflammatory responses while maintaining dialysis effectiveness.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If nitric oxide is added to suppress platelet aggregation, then biocompatibility improves, but maintaining optimal concentration becomes complex
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a nitric oxide release-promoting agent that automatically releases nitric oxide in response to contact with blood or under physiological conditions. This self-regulating mechanism maintains optimal nitric oxide concentration without requiring complex external control systems, sensors, or adjustment mechanisms, thereby improving biocompatibility while avoiding increased device complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The dialyzer effectively suppresses blood coagulation reactions and improves biocompatibility, reducing side effects and enhancing the effectiveness of dialysis treatment by maintaining optimal concentrations of NO and NO2− during the therapy.
Implementation Method 1
it is known that, in the living body, nitric oxide (hereinafter, may be referred to as 'NO') is always released into the blood by nitric oxide synthase of vascular endothelial cells, and NO shows many actions such as the suppression of platelet aggregation and the suppression of adhesion of leukocytes
Data Source
AI summary
A dialyzer includes a dialysis unit including a blood channel and a dialysate channel; a dialysate supply channel configured to supply a dialysate to the dialysate channel; a dialysate discharge channel configured to discharge the dialysate from the dialysate channel; a blood supply channel configured to supply blood to the blood channel, and a blood discharge channel configured to discharge the blood from the blood channel. The dialysate contains nitric oxide and/or nitrite ions, and the concentration of the nitric oxide is 0.5 to 10 μM or the concentration of the nitrite ions is 40 to 120 μM.