Diamond Surface Polishing via Laser Heating and Carbide-Forming Tool

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing diamond surface polishing methods face challenges such as low energy efficiency, short tool life, difficulty in maintaining stability, and incompatibility with rugged three-dimensional surfaces due to high costs, complex apparatus requirements, and generation of abrasive powder.

Innovation Solution

A method using a polishing member with a linear, belt-like, or rod-like shape made of metals that easily react with carbon, such as Zr, Ta, Ti, or Al, or carburizing metals like Fe, Ni, Co, which are heated and used to rub the diamond surface, allowing for continuous or intermittent contact to prevent saturation and maintain surface pressure stability, while laser irradiation preheats the diamond surface for efficient polishing.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If mechanical polishing using diamond grains or grind stone is used, then polishing can be performed, but the polishing time is extended and the tool life is short due to abrasion of both the tool and workpiece

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepolishing timeVSAvoidtool life
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical abrasion with a chemical reaction-based polishing mechanism. A metal polishing member that reacts chemically with diamond carbon (such as iron, nickel, or cobalt) is used instead of traditional diamond grains. The chemical reaction selectively removes diamond material without requiring mechanical abrasion, thereby extending tool life while maintaining polishing efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies ultrasonic vibration to the polishing member, changing the physical state and interaction mode between the polishing member and workpiece. The ultrasonic frequency (20-100 kHz) creates dynamic contact conditions that enhance the chemical reaction efficiency while preventing tool wear, thus improving both productivity and reliability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If ultrasonic oscillation with metal polishing member is used, then polishing efficiency is improved, but temperature control becomes difficult and energy efficiency is low

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepolishing efficiencyVSAvoidenergy efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent incorporates temperature sensing and control mechanisms that provide feedback to the ultrasonic oscillation system. When the temperature reaches the optimal range (50-200°C), the system automatically adjusts or stops ultrasonic power input, preventing energy waste from excessive heating while maintaining polishing efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent optimizes the ultrasonic frequency range (20-100 kHz) to match the resonant frequency of the polishing member-workpiece system, maximizing polishing efficiency while minimizing energy consumption. The frequency is dynamically adjusted based on temperature feedback to maintain optimal energy efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Temperature

If high pushing force is applied to elevate temperature, then polishing temperature increases, but the apparatus size must be increased and the structure becomes bulky

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepolishing temperatureVSAvoidapparatus size
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses ultrasonic vibration (20-100 kHz) of the polishing member to generate frictional heat and enhance the chemical reaction rate, achieving the required polishing temperature (50-200°C) without applying excessive mechanical pushing force. This eliminates the need for bulky heating apparatus while maintaining optimal polishing temperature

Inventive Principle:
Principle #18Mechanical vibration

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces mechanical force-based heating with ultrasonic vibration-based heating. The ultrasonic oscillation converts electrical energy directly into thermal energy through high-frequency mechanical vibrations, achieving temperature control without requiring large mechanical pressing forces or external heating devices

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach extends the life of the polishing member, reduces abrasive powder generation, achieves high surface smoothness, and allows for efficient polishing of complex surfaces without requiring expensive materials or bulky apparatus, with localized heating ensuring precise control over the polishing process.

Implementation Method 1

irradiating a laser beam onto a diamond surface to be polished so that the diamond surface is heated to a specific temperature range

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser heating: Laser

Implementation Method 2

a polishing method which conducts the polishing by using a polishing member constituted by a metal that easily reacts with carbon in the diamond crystals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical reaction (carbide-forming): Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 3

applying ultrasonic waves onto the polishing member, and pushing the polishing member onto the surfaces of the diamond while the polishing member is undergoing ultrasonic oscillation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectUltrasonic oscillation: Ultrasonic Vibration

Implementation Method 4

Upon utilizing the heat of friction produced by ultrasonic oscillation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFriction heating: Friction

Data Source

PatentEP2660004B1Diamond surface polishing method
Publication Date: 2021.07.14 TOYO SEIKAN GRP HLDG LTD
  • EP2660004B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2660004B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2660004B1 patent drawingFigure 3(a)~3(c)

AI summary

[Problems] To provide a method of polishing the diamond-surfaces which generates abraded powder less, enables the polishing member to maintain an extended life and to be easily controlled, makes it possible to obtain the surfaces of a high degree of smoothness, and can be easily applied to polishing rugged three-dimensional surfaces, too. [Means for Solution] A method of polishing the diamond-surface 1a by using a polishing member 3a that has a metal-surface that easily reacts with carbon or of a carburizing metal, irradiating the diamond-surface 1a with a laser beam 5 prior to polishing the diamond-surface 1a with the polishing member 3a, following the irradiation with the laser beam 5, the polishing is conducted by rubbing a laser beam-irradiated portion with the polishing member 3a.