Diamond Membrane Fabrication via Amorphous Dielectric Seeding

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for fabricating diamond membranes are not robust, reproducible, or scalable for industrial use, and often require delicate handling, metal layers that can cause contamination, or aggressive etching processes, making them unsuitable for large-scale industrial applications and CMOS technology compatibility.

Innovation Solution

A method involving a substrate with an amorphous dielectric layer having an isoelectric point of less than 7, where diamond nanoparticles are seeded and grown into a diamond layer, and the substrate is partially removed to form a free-standing diamond membrane, allowing for area-selective growth and avoiding the use of metals, enabling robust, reproducible, and scalable production compatible with CMOS technology.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional methods (microwave plasma CVD on silicon nitride membranes) are used to fabricate diamond membranes, then diamond coating can be achieved, but the process requires delicate handling, is not robust, and is not suitable for large industrial scale

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverobustness of fabrication processVSAvoidscalability to industrial level
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts and removes the problematic silicon nitride membrane substrate from the process, growing diamond nanoparticles directly on a silicon wafer. This eliminates the need for delicate handling of pre-fabricated membranes while maintaining the ability to produce high-quality diamond structures suitable for industrial scaling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention performs preliminary patterning of the silicon substrate with sacrificial material before diamond growth. This allows the diamond nanoparticles to be grown in a controlled manner directly on the substrate, eliminating the need for subsequent membrane transfer and assembly steps, thereby improving both robustness and scalability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Manufacturing precision

If metal layers are used for lithographic patterning to define pores, then pore definition can be achieved, but metal contamination occurs in CMOS processes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepore definition and uniformityVSAvoidmetallic contamination
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention uses a sacrificial material layer (such as silicon dioxide or silicon nitride) that is deposited, patterned, and then completely removed after serving its purpose of defining the pore locations during diamond growth. This disposable sacrificial layer approach achieves precise pore definition without introducing metal contamination into the CMOS process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The sacrificial material acts as an intermediary between the lithographic pattern and the final diamond structure. It temporarily defines the pore locations during the growth process and is then removed, leaving clean pores in the diamond membrane without requiring metal layers that would contaminate CMOS devices.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of manufacture

If aggressive etch processing steps are used to create nanopores, then pore formation can be achieved, but the process becomes complex and expensive requiring specialized tools

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepore formation capabilityVSAvoidprocessing complexity and cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The diamond nanoparticles self-organize and grow in a controlled manner during the CVD process, with the porous structure forming naturally as part of the growth mechanism rather than requiring subsequent aggressive etching steps. This self-organizing growth process reduces processing complexity and eliminates the need for specialized etching tools, making the process more suitable for industrial manufacturing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method allows for the fabrication of both porous and non-porous diamond membranes with well-defined pores over large areas, ensuring robustness, reproducibility, and scalability, while being cost-effective and compatible with CMOS processes, suitable for a wide range of applications including bio-compatible and conductive membranes.

Implementation Method 1

seeding diamond nanoparticles onto the exposed surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdsorption: Adsorption

Implementation Method 2

growing a diamond layer from the seeded diamond nanoparticles

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical Vapour Deposition: Chemical Vapour Deposition

Data Source

PatentEP3556454B1Formation of diamond membranes
Publication Date: 2024.05.29 INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO ELECTRONICS CENT (IMEC VZW)
  • EP3556454B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3556454B1 patent drawingFigure 3~3e
  • EP3556454B1 patent drawingFigure 4~4b

AI summary

In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method for forming a diamond membrane (410), comprising: a. providing a substrate (100) having an amorphous dielectric layer (200) thereon, the amorphous dielectric layer (200) comprising an exposed surface (220), the exposed surface (220) having an isoelectric point of less than 7, preferably at most 6; b. seeding diamond nanoparticles (300) onto the exposed surface (220); c. growing a diamond layer (400) from the seeded diamond nanoparticles (300); and d. removing a portion (600) of the substrate (100) from underneath the diamond layer (400), the removed portion (600) extending at least up to the amorphous dielectric layer (200), thereby forming the diamond membrane (410) over the removed portion (600).