Configurable Die-to-Die Interfaces for Dynamic Clock Scaling

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing integrated circuit technologies face limitations in optimizing die-to-die interface performance, particularly in scenarios with heavy traffic, as they are constrained by default frequency settings, limiting potential performance enhancements.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a system that allows users to dynamically adjust die-to-die interface frequencies beyond default settings through a BIOS interface, using a system management controller to manage voltage and frequency settings, and incorporating adjustable voltage regulators and phase-locked loops to support higher frequencies.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If default frequency settings are used for die-to-die interfaces, then system stability is maintained, but performance is limited in heavy traffic scenarios

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinterface bandwidthVSAvoidinterface stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic frequency adjustment capability that allows the die-to-die interface to operate at different frequency levels based on system conditions. The interface can be configured to run at higher frequencies beyond default settings when performance is prioritized, while maintaining the ability to operate at conservative frequencies for stability, enabling the system to adapt its operating characteristics dynamically

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the operating parameters of the die-to-die interface by introducing configurable frequency and voltage settings. Through parameter interfaces accessible to external entities (OEMs, BIOS developers, end-users), the system can adjust frequency multipliers, voltage levels, and power management parameters to optimize performance or conserve power based on specific operational requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If higher frequency settings are enabled for die-to-die links, then performance headroom is unlocked, but power consumption and voltage requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem performanceVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements coordinated changes to multiple parameters including frequency multipliers, voltage levels, and power management settings. When higher performance is selected, the system automatically adjusts voltage regulators to provide appropriate voltage levels and modifies power management parameters to support the increased operational demands of high-frequency operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically adjusts power consumption characteristics based on the selected operating mode. Power management code can switch between conservative power settings and high-performance power settings, allowing the die-to-die interface to consume more power when high frequency operation is required while maintaining energy efficiency during normal operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Adaptability or versatility

If configurable frequency settings are implemented, then performance optimization is enabled, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrequency configurabilityVSAvoidcontrol mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces parameter interfaces as intermediary components that allow external entities to configure frequency and voltage settings without requiring direct access to complex control logic. These interfaces (including mailbox registers and BIOS options) serve as simplified gateways that translate user intentions into appropriate configuration changes, shielding the complexity of the underlying frequency synthesis and voltage regulation mechanisms

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements a universal parameter interface framework that can be accessed through multiple pathways (mailbox registers, BIOS options, runtime interfaces). This multi-functional approach allows the same underlying configuration mechanism to serve different purposes and different user types, reducing the need for separate complex control systems for each access method

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach unlocks additional performance headroom by enabling overclocking of die-to-die links, improving system performance in high-traffic scenarios without requiring a system reset.

Implementation Method 1

incorporating adjustable voltage regulators and phase-locked loops to support higher frequencies

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase-locked loop:

Implementation Method 2

using a system management controller to manage voltage and frequency settings, and incorporating adjustable voltage regulators

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVoltage regulation:

Data Source

PatentEP4625193A1Configurable die-to-die interfaces
Publication Date: 2025.10.01 INTEL CORP
  • EP4625193A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4625193A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4625193A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

In some embodiments, provided are techniques to allow a user to adjust the upper limits of die-to-die link clock settings.