Direct-Injection Diesel Engine Dual-Angle Fuel Injection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Compression ignition engines with direct fuel injection face challenges in achieving homogeneous fuel mixtures, leading to high pollutant emissions and mechanical stress due to incomplete combustion and inefficient use of oxidizer, particularly at high loads.
Innovation Solution
The engine design incorporates a piston with a concave bowl and fuel injection system that projects fuel jets at two different angles, creating separate mixing zones within the combustion chamber, with the lower jet axis positioned between a toroidal volume and a stud, and the upper jet axis demarcated by inclined and convex surfaces, optimizing oxidizer utilization and minimizing jet overlap.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-generated harmful factors
If traditional single-layer fuel injection is used, then the device complexity is low, but the fuel mixture homogeneity is poor leading to high pollutant emissions
Solution Approach 1:
The fuel injection system is segmented into two distinct layers with different injection angles. The first layer uses a narrow injection angle (0°-30°) to target the toroidal volume near the piston bowl, while the second layer uses a wide injection angle (60°-90°) to distribute fuel across the combustion chamber. This segmentation allows each layer to serve a specific mixing function, improving overall fuel-oxidizer homogeneity and reducing pollutant emissions.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention transitions from single-plane injection to multi-dimensional injection by introducing vertical layering with different injection angles. The first layer injects fuel downward into the toroidal volume, while the second layer injects fuel outward at wider angles across the combustion chamber. This dimensional approach creates multiple mixing zones that improve fuel distribution and combustion efficiency.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If fuel is confined in the piston bowl, then the mechanical strength of the piston is maintained, but the fuel mixture homogeneity is poor causing high richness zones
Solution Approach 1:
The combustion chamber is segmented into two functional zones: a toroidal volume near the piston bowl for concentrated fuel injection, and a broader combustion chamber volume for oxidizer mixing. The first injection layer targets the toroidal volume to create a controlled fuel-rich zone for efficient combustion, while the second layer distributes fuel across the broader chamber to prevent excessive richness zones and improve overall mixture homogeneity.
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the combustion chamber are given different fuel concentrations through the two-layer injection system. The toroidal volume receives concentrated fuel injection from the first layer, creating optimal local conditions for combustion initiation, while the second layer provides broader distribution to ensure adequate fuel-oxidizer mixing in the surrounding combustion chamber volume.
3Stability of the object's composition
If two-layer fuel injection with different angles is used, then the fuel mixture homogeneity is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The two-layer injection system with different angles is merged into a single integrated injection device. The first layer uses a narrow injection angle (0°-30°) to target the toroidal volume, while the second layer uses a wide injection angle (60°-90°) to distribute fuel across the combustion chamber. By combining these two injection patterns in one device, the system achieves improved fuel-oxidizer mixing and reduced pollutant emissions without requiring multiple separate injection systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enhances combustion efficiency, reduces pollutant emissions, and distributes thermal load effectively, improving performance and consumption while maintaining mechanical strength across the engine's operating range.
Implementation Method 1
The invention relates to a combustion engine with direct fuel injection... injection means for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber... two separate mixing zones of the combustion chamber
Implementation Method 2
the fuel mixture (oxidant/fuel) in the combustion chamber to be as homogeneous as possible... separate mixing zones... into which the fuel jets of the lower layer are injected
Implementation Method 3
compression ignition engine... compression ignition direct injection internal combustion engine... piston sliding in this cylinder
Implementation Method 4
combustion chamber... combustion efficiency... combustion of this fuel mixture
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
AI summary
The present invention relates to a direct-injection diesel engine, including at least one cylinder (10), a cylinder head (12) that supports fuel injection means (14), a piston (16) that slides in said cylinder, a combustion chamber (34) that is defined on one side by the upper surface (44) of the piston comprising a pintle (48) erecting in the direction of the cylinder head and arranged in the center of a concave bowl (46), said engine comprising injection means which spray fuel in at least two streams of fuel jets, having different stream angles (A1, A2), a lower stream (36) having a jet axis (C1) and an upper stream (38) having a jet axis (C2), in at least two mixing areas (Z1, Z2) of the combustion chamber. According to the invention, one of the areas comprises a toroidal volume (64) having a center (B) into which the fuel jets (40) of the lower stream are injected such that the axis (C1) of the lower stream jets is located between the center (B) and the pintle (48).