Differential Clamp Current Recirculation for Symmetric ADC Outputs

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional differential clamp circuits for ADC drivers face limitations due to the use of PNP transistors for high-side clamping, which suffer from limited speed and current absorption compared to NPN transistors, and require two control voltages for symmetric output excursions.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of differential clamp circuits that recirculate current from a faster low-side clamp or high-side clamp to infer the other type of clamp, eliminating the need for separate high-side and low-side clamp circuits and control voltages, thereby simplifying the circuit and improving speed and symmetry.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If PNP transistors are used for high-side clamping, then the circuit can achieve high-side clamping function, but the speed and current absorption are limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveclamping speedVSAvoidtransistor type requirement
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the high-side clamp and low-side clamp into a single unified circuit structure. The low-side clamp circuit performs both high-side clamping (through current recirculation) and low-side clamping functions, eliminating the need for separate PNP transistor-based high-side clamp circuits and their associated control voltages.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The low-side clamp circuit is designed to perform multiple functions: it provides low-side clamping directly and high-side clamping through current recirculation. This multi-functional design replaces the need for dedicated high-side clamp circuits using PNP transistors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Device complexity

If separate high-side and low-side clamp circuits are used, then symmetric output excursions can be achieved, but the circuit complexity and control voltage requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit structureVSAvoidcontrol voltage requirement
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and eliminates the separate high-side clamp circuit and its control voltage from the overall clamp system. By removing this redundant component and using current recirculation within the low-side clamp circuit, the design reduces circuit complexity while maintaining symmetric output excursions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The low-side clamp circuit serves itself by recirculating current to provide high-side clamping functionality. This self-service mechanism eliminates the need for external high-side clamp circuits and their control voltages, simplifying the overall system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Productivity

If current recirculation is implemented, then the capacitive load is reduced and speed is improved, but the circuit operation becomes more complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveclamping efficiencyVSAvoidcurrent recirculation mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The current recirculation mechanism continuously recycles current within the low-side clamp circuit to provide high-side clamping. This continuous useful action maintains clamping efficiency and speed improvement while the circuit remains in operation, rather than requiring discrete switching events.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Data Source

PatentEP3790199B1Differential clamp circuits with current recirculation
Publication Date: 2025.04.30 ANALOG DEVICES INT UNLTD CO
  • EP3790199B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3790199B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3790199B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Differential clamp circuits configured to recirculate the current in one clamp, either low-side clamp or high-side clamp, from one output of a differential signal to the other output of the differential signal are disclosed. Differential clamp circuits described herein may be particularly suitable for providing programmable clamps at differential outputs of an ADC driver and may be particularly beneficial to implement clamps that are symmetrical around an ADC's input common-mode voltage. Some differential clamp circuit described herein may advantageously present a smaller capacitive load at each output, thus reducing bandwidth degradation of the output stage. Furthermore, differential clamp circuits described herein may operate with only one control voltage, making it easier to limit the output excursions symmetrically around the default common-mode voltage.