Diffractive Structure Axial Focus Distance Measurement

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for measuring the distance between two parallel planes, particularly in a mask positioner, lack precision and require contact, which can be damaging and inaccurate.

Innovation Solution

A method utilizing a diffractive structure with a special amplitude and/or phase structure illuminated by collimated light to generate an axial focus that is tilted, allowing for non-contact measurement by determining the distance from the position of the axial focus's impact point, using equations based on angular relationships and optionally with a scale for precise determination.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If contact-based measurement methods are used to determine distance between planes, then measurement can be performed, but measurement precision is insufficient and damage risk increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistance measurement precisionVSAvoiddamage risk to measured surfaces
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical contact-based measurement methods with an optical measurement system. A diffractive structure is illuminated with collimated light to generate an axial focus that extends to the measurement plane, allowing non-contact distance determination through optical means. This substitution eliminates mechanical contact, preventing damage to measured surfaces while achieving high precision through the controlled optical focus.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Measurement precision

If conventional optical methods are used for distance measurement, then non-contact measurement is achieved, but measurement precision is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistance measurement precisionVSAvoidmeasurement system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent achieves high precision by carefully controlling and optimizing specific parameters of the diffractive structure, including the groove depth, groove spacing, and tilt angle α. By adjusting these parameters, the axial focus can be precisely positioned and its extent controlled to match the measurement distance, enabling accurate non-contact measurement without requiring complex additional optical components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a tilted axial focus that extends in both axial and lateral dimensions. The focus is inclined at an angle α relative to the optical axis, creating a spatial configuration where the focus extends from the reference plane to the measurement plane. This dimensional approach allows distance determination through lateral displacement measurement at the impact point, simplifying the overall measurement system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Measurement precision

If a tilted axial focus is generated using a diffractive structure, then non-contact high-precision measurement is enabled, but the diffractive structure design becomes more complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistance measurement precisionVSAvoiddiffractive structure fabrication
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The diffractive structure is designed with discrete grooves or ridges that can be fabricated using standard microlithography and etching techniques. The structure consists of periodic elements with specific depths and spacing, which can be manufactured by dividing the complex optical function into simple, repeatable geometric features. This segmentation approach makes the diffractive structure compatible with conventional semiconductor manufacturing processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The diffractive structure serves multiple functions simultaneously: it diffracts incident collimated light to generate the tilted axial focus, the tilt angle α is determined by the groove geometry, and the focus extent is controlled by the groove depth. This multi-functionality is achieved within a single manufactured component, eliminating the need for separate optical elements and simplifying the overall device fabrication.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables high-precision non-contact measurement of the distance between planes, reducing the risk of damage and improving accuracy through the use of inclined axial foci and quantized phase functions, suitable for applications like photolithography.

Implementation Method 1

at least one axial focus is generated by illuminating a diffractive structure arranged in the reference plane

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Implementation Method 2

the axial focus is reflected back to the reference plane at the measurement plane

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight reflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP2834593B1Method and device for measuring distance using a diffractive structure
Publication Date: 2019.07.31 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP2834593B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2834593B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP2834593B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

A method for measuring a distance (d) between a reference plane (1) and a measurement plane (3) parallel to the reference plane (1) is specified, in which at least one axial focus (5) which is inclined at an angle α in relation to an axis perpendicular to the reference plane (1) and the measurement plane (3) is generated by illuminating a diffractive structure (2) arranged in the reference plane (1). The distance (d) is established from the position of an impact point of the at least one axial focus (5) in the measurement plane (3) or from the position of an impact point in the reference plane (1) of the axial focus (5) reflected on the measurement plane (3). Furthermore, a device, which is suitable for the method, for measuring a distance (d) between a reference plane (1) and a measurement plane (3) parallel to the reference plane (1) is specified.