Diionic Liquid Salts for High-Temperature Chromatography
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional ionic liquids exhibit limited thermal stability and volatility, making them unsuitable for high-temperature applications, and the relationship between their structure and physico-chemical properties is not well understood, hindering the development of stable and efficient liquid salts for use in chromatography and extraction techniques.
Innovation Solution
Development of stable diionic liquid salts with a solid/liquid transformation temperature at 400°C or less, which are non-volatile and non-decomposable at temperatures below 200°C, used as stationary phases in chromatography and extraction techniques, including gas chromatography, solid phase extraction, and microextraction, with a focus on dicationic and dianionic molecules and polymers for enhanced thermal stability and selectivity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If conventional ionic liquids are used, then a wide range of cation and anion combinations provides tunable interactions, but thermal stability is limited and volatility occurs at high temperatures
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines a cationic ionic liquid component with an anionic ionic liquid component to form a composite diionic liquid system. This composite approach allows the cationic component to provide tunable interactions through various cation-anion combinations, while the anionic component contributes to enhanced thermal stability and reduced volatility. The synergistic combination resolves the contradiction between adaptability and reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent systematically varies parameters including cation structure (imidazolium, pyridinium, ammonium), anion structure (carboxylate, sulfonate, phosphate), alkyl chain length, and functional groups to optimize the balance between tunable interactions and thermal stability. By changing these parameters, the diionic liquids achieve both high adaptability for different applications and improved thermal reliability.
2Temperature
If ionic liquids with lower solid/liquid transformation temperature are developed, then liquid range is extended, but thermal stability may be compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent adjusts molecular parameters such as ionic liquid component ratios, alkyl chain lengths, and functional group types to independently control solid/liquid transformation temperature and thermal stability. This allows optimization where liquids remain fluid at low temperatures while maintaining structural integrity at high temperatures.
Solution Approach 2:
The diionic liquid composite structure enables separate optimization of components: the cationic component is designed for low solid/liquid transformation temperature to ensure fluidity, while the anionic component is designed for high thermal stability to ensure reliability at elevated temperatures.
3Productivity
If traditional ionic liquids are used in chromatography, then basic separation is achieved, but selectivity and efficiency at high temperatures are reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes parameters including cation-anion pairing, alkyl chain length, and functional group composition to enhance both separation efficiency and high-temperature stability. Specific parameter combinations are selected to maximize productivity while maintaining reliability under chromatographic conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces functional groups with specific local properties (hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, dipolar interactions) at particular positions in the ionic liquid structure to enhance selectivity for specific analytes while the overall diionic structure maintains thermal stability. This local quality enhancement improves separation efficiency without compromising high-temperature reliability.
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to diionic liquid salts of dicationic or dianionic molecules, as well as solvents comprising diionic liquids and the use of diionic liquids as the stationary phase in a gas chromatographic column.