Polymeric Diketonate Dyes for Biocompatible Oxygen Sensing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current oxygen sensing systems based on heavy metal luminophores are not biocompatible and lack single component systems that exhibit both fluorescence and phosphorescence, which are essential for sensitive oxygen detection in low oxygen environments such as tumors and cardiovascular tissues.
Innovation Solution
Development of polymeric luminescent dye compounds and compositions that exhibit both fluorescent and phosphorescent properties, specifically boron or aluminum substituted compounds with diketone cores, which can be processed into various forms like powders, films, and nanoparticles for use as oxygen sensors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If heavy metal luminophores (Ru, Pt, Ir) are used for oxygen sensing, then oxygen sensing capability is achieved, but biocompatibility and biodegradability are compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters by replacing heavy metal atoms (Ru, Pt, Ir) with non-heavy metal alternatives (boron, aluminum), thereby maintaining oxygen sensing capability while improving biocompatibility and biodegradability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs biodegradable polymer materials that can be safely metabolized and eliminated from biological systems, replacing persistent heavy metal compounds with environmentally benign alternatives that serve their sensing function and then degrade
2Adaptability or versatility
If phosphorescence is observed in boron compounds, then dual emissive properties are achieved, but toxic heavy atom substituents or additives are required
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and eliminates the toxic heavy atom substituents (Pb, Tl, halogens) from the boron compound structure while retaining the phosphorescent emission capability through alternative molecular design and polymer matrix effects
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite materials by combining boron diketonate dyes with biocompatible polymer matrices, achieving phosphorescence and fluorescence dual emission without requiring toxic heavy atom substituents, as the polymer environment enables the desired photophysical properties
3Reliability
If rigid solid matrices are used to observe phosphorescence, then phosphorescent emission is achieved, but processability and biocompatibility are reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the physical state parameter from rigid solid matrices to flexible polymer solutions and melts, enabling phosphorescence to be observed and processed in biocompatible, easily manufacturable forms while maintaining the long emission lifetimes necessary for oxygen sensing
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses biocompatible polymer matrices as intermediaries that provide the rigidifying effect necessary for phosphorescence while maintaining processability and biocompatibility, serving as a bridge between the requirement for rigid structures and the need for easy manufacturing
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
These compounds enable sensitive oxygen detection in low oxygen environments, suitable for medical applications and can be used in photodynamic therapy, offering a biocompatible and efficient means to quantify and locate oxygen levels.
Implementation Method 1
boron difluoride dyes such as 'bodipy' and boron diketonates possess large molar extinction coefficients and two-photon absorption cross sections, high emission quantum yields
Implementation Method 2
phosphorescence is usually only observed in the presence of toxic heavy atom substituents or additives (e.g., Pb, Tl, or halogens such as I, Br), at low temperatures, or in rigid, solid matrices
Implementation Method 3
As two-photon absorbers, they are compatible with optical imaging technologies employing tunable Ti:sapphire lasers (700-1100 nm)
Implementation Method 4
Luminescent materials can also be used as photosensitizers, transferring energy to other molecules, and generating reactive species by light activation. For example, this feature is exploited in photodynamic therapy, generating reactive singlet oxygen to selectively damage tumor tissue
Implementation Method 5
Boron difluoride diketonate dyes possess large dipole moments and their emission wavelength sensitive to the polarity of the surrounding medium. Thus, solvatochromic boron complexes serve as probes of their local environments
Implementation Method 6
Phosphorescence is quenched by oxygen, which at room temperature more accurately and conveniently may serve as the basis for quantitative optical oxygen sensing
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention provides in one aspect polymeric luminescent dye compounds having fluorescent properties, phosphorescent properties, or both fluorescent and phosphorescent properties.