Diphosphite Synthesis Without Chlorine Residues
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Solution Overview
Problem
Diphosphites prepared using Cl-containing compounds often retain chlorine residues, leading to laborious purification and subsequent problems in their use due to the formation of hydrogen chloride in reactors.
Innovation Solution
A process that synthesizes diphosphites without using Cl-containing compounds, employing specific organic compounds and solvents like acetonitrile, which replaces carbon atoms in five-membered rings with nitrogen atoms and uses hexaethylphosphorous triamide or hexamethylphosphorous triamide to achieve high purity without chlorine residues.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If Cl-containing compounds are used to prepare diphosphites, then the synthesis can be performed using conventional methods, but chlorine residues remain in the diphosphite requiring laborious purification
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the synthesis by replacing Cl-containing compounds with I-containing compounds (changing the reagent type from chlorine to iodine). This parameter change allows the synthesis to proceed while avoiding the formation of problematic chlorine residues, thereby eliminating the need for laborious purification steps while maintaining ease of manufacture.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs iodine-containing compounds as disposable reagents that can be easily removed. The iodine-based reagents perform the necessary chemical transformation and can be subsequently removed without requiring complex purification procedures, unlike chlorine-containing compounds that leave persistent residues.
2Manufacturing precision
If laborious purification is performed to reduce Cl content, then chlorine residues are reduced, but Cl residues still remain in the diphosphite
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of trying to remove chlorine residues through purification after synthesis (the conventional approach), the patent inverts the strategy by preventing chlorine residue formation in the first place. It uses iodine-containing compounds as reagents, which fundamentally changes the synthesis pathway to one that does not generate chlorine contamination, making purification unnecessary.
3Productivity
If diphosphites with Cl residues are used in reactors, then the process can continue, but hydrogen chloride forms causing problems
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary anti-action by preventing the formation of chlorine residues before they can cause harmful effects. By using iodine-containing reagents in the synthesis, the patent eliminates the source of future hydrogen chloride formation, thereby preventing the harmful effect before it occurs and enabling continuous reactor operation without contamination issues.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This process eliminates the need for laborious purification and avoids chlorine residue introduction, resulting in high-purity diphosphites with improved usability by eliminating chlorine contamination.
Implementation Method 1
a) where R1, R2, R3, R4 are selected from: —H, —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C6-C10)-aryl, —CN, —NO2 and X1 is —(C1-C6)-alkyl; b) where Y1 is a five-membered ring in which at least one carbon atom has been replaced by a nitrogen atom
Data Source
AI summary
Process for preparing diphosphites and the compounds used for the preparation.