Direct-Link RAN Node Control for Decentralized Data Paths

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Solution Overview

Problem

Traditional RAN and CRAN solutions face high operator investment pressures due to centralized control planes, which decrease throughput and increase CAPEX and OPEX, and centralized user processing declines overall service KPIs like latency and multi-connectivity.

Innovation Solution

A decentralized control plane is established through direct links between network nodes, allowing for on-demand scaling and reduced processing effort by distributing control plane processing in the radio domain, with network nodes autonomously selecting operating modes based on local information and direct communication.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If centralized control plane solution is used, then control plane processing is simplified, but processing load on operators increases and throughput decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol plane processing complexityVSAvoidnetwork throughput
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The control plane is segmented into centralized SDN controller functions and distributed network node functions. The SDN controller handles high-level control and management, while individual network nodes autonomously perform local control plane processing including data path construction, resource allocation, and coordination. This segmentation distributes processing load from centralized operators to distributed nodes, improving throughput while maintaining simplified overall control architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Device complexity

If centralized control plane solution is used, then control plane processing is simplified, but operator investment (CAPEX and OPEX) increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol plane processing complexityVSAvoidoperator investment
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

Network nodes are equipped with autonomous control plane capabilities that enable self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-management. Nodes can independently construct data paths, allocate resources, and coordinate with other nodes without requiring extensive centralized operator intervention. This self-service capability reduces the need for operator processing resources and infrastructure investments while maintaining simplified control plane architecture through the SDN controller.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Productivity

If decentralized control plane processing is implemented, then resource efficiency improves, but direct link establishment complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresource efficiencyVSAvoiddirect link establishment complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The SDN controller acts as an intermediary that facilitates direct link establishment between network nodes. Instead of nodes directly negotiating complex link configurations, the SDN controller provides abstracted control plane functions that simplify the establishment process. The controller manages the complexity of direct link setup, authentication, and configuration while nodes communicate through standardized interfaces, thereby enabling decentralized resource efficiency without proportionally increasing implementation complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP3557817B1First network node, method to operate the first network node, second network node, and method to operate the second network node
Publication Date: 2026.04.22 NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY
  • EP3557817B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3557817B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3557817B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A method to operate a first network node is provided, the method comprising operating according to a first operating mode (CL), the first operating mode (CL) comprising transmitting (102) a data path request to a second network node via a direct link between the first and second network nodes, wherein the data path request indicates a destination network node, receiving (104) a data path confirmation in response to the data path request from the second network node via the direct link, and transmitting (106) data from the first network node (A) via the data path towards the destination network node (B).